Q1. What is federalism?
Ans: Federalism is a system of government in which powers are distributed between the centre and states according to constitutional schemes. It ‘ is based on the territorial distribution of powers. This system of-Governance is considered essential in the plural societal states ie; where people of diverse. culture, religion, language and direct reside for their fuller development.
Q2. Name some countries with the Federal system of Government.
Ans: There is a number of countries with the Federal system. Here we are naming four states.
Q3. Write five essential features of a federal government.
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Q4. What is the utility of a federal Government?
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Q5. What are the demerits of the Federal Government?
Ans: Followings are the main demerits of the federal government:
Q6. Write four federal features of the Indian constitution.
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Q7. Why the Federal system of Government is necessary for India?
Ans: India is a country of a plural society. There are people of several castes religions, regions, language, dialects and geography. For the fuller development of the people of these different complexions, the federal system is necessary which will generate unity in diversity. Therefore the federal system is necessary for India.
Q8. What is the nature of Indian federation?
Ans: Although India has structural features of federalism there is no word federation in the Constitution. Article 1st the Indian Constitution says, “India, that is Bharat shall be the union of states” These words indicate the nature of Indian federal system. The word ‘union of states’ means that the centre will not be the creation of states. On the contrary, the states will be created by the centre.
Q9. How the powers are divided between the centre and states?
Ans: The powers are divided between the centre and states on the basis of the following three lists.
Q10. Write four unitary features of Indian constitution.
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Q11. What is the demand for provisional autonomy?
Ans: Since in the Constitution of India the division of powers between the centre and states is tilted towards the centre, the states are dependent on the centre in administrative, legislative and financial matters. In their years there is a strong demand to review this existing position of distribution of powers from the different states and want more and more freedom of action. This is called as provisional autonomy.
Q12. What is co-operation federalism?
Ans: Noted political scientist K. C. Where says that Indian federal system is a co-operative federal system in which there is a lot of co-operation between the centre and states for their mutual benefits.
Q13. What is the role of Governor in the State?
Ans: Governor is given double responsibility in the states. First, he is the nominal executive head of the state. Secondly, he is made an agent of the centre who will see that national interest remain safe in that state. He sees all the laws and policies of the central government are implemented in the state and all her central property is safe.
Q14. Explain special provisions for some states.
Ans: Some of the states are given special considerations, therefore special provisions are made for them in the contribution. It is done due to peculiar circumstances of few states and historical necessity in the case of Jammu and Kashmir.
Most of the special provisions pertaining to the North-Eastern States like Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram etc. Under Article 371, Article 370 provides the special status of Jammu & Kashmir. Accordingly, Jammu & Kashmir has its own Constitution and its concurrence is required before any law is implemented there.
Q15. What is bargaining federal system?
Ans: Different people say differently about the nature of the Indian federal system. Some say it completely Unitary system, others say it federal system with strong unitary features. K.C. Where calls it as a co-operative system based as cooperation. But Morris Jones calls it a Bargaining system which works on the basis of bargaining positions of centre and states which is competitive in nature.
Q16. Define federalism. Why it is needed in a plural society?
Ans: Federalism is a system of government in which powers are divided between the centre and the states. In a true federation, the states surrender their certain powers and create a centre to administer on the issues which are of national and international importance. On local issues the states Government administrate. Such a system of Governance becomes necessary in a plural society because a number of states are formed on the basis of administration convince.’The regional aspirations and centres of the people of such formed states are realised in federal aspirations of the people remain unfulfilled and unrealised. Therefore for a fuller development of linguistic and cultural aspirations, the federal system is necessary.
Q17. Compare the federal system of India with a federal system of the United States of America.
Ans: India and the United States of America both are the federal systems of Government but both have a different system. The USA is said to be a true federal system while different people say differently about the nature of the Indian federal system. Followings are the difference between India and USA
Q18. Explain the unity in diversity in India.
Ans: It is rightly said about India that India is not a country, it is a continent. There are more than 20 major languages and several hundred minor ones. It has several major regions of different geography and Culture. In climate changes after every twenty kilometres. In spite of all such diversities, we share many common values, history and ethos. We all fought for national independence jointly in which Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christians participated. We do not share common part only we cherish common hopes and aspirations. This has led to national leaders to visualise India as a country where there is unity in diversity. India in its last 60 years of journey of the post-independent period has stood the test of this slogan ie, unity in diversity.
Q19. Write the main features of a federal system.
Ans: Federalism, as a principle of Government, has evolved differently in different situations yet there are some basic features which are generally considered essential for a federal system. These areas under.
Q20. Write federal features of the Indian constitution.
Ans: Indian society is a plural society so there is a plural polity in India. Followings are the main dominant features in the Indian Constitution on the basis of which we can term the Indian Constitution as a federal system:
Q21. Write the main unitary features of Indian constitution.
Ans: Structurally Indian Constitution appears to be federal but there are some features in Indian Constitution which make it unitary. These are as under:
Q22. Write Legislative relations between the centre and states.
Ans: Subjects are divided between the centre and states for this purpose three lists are formed which areas:
Q23. What is President Rule?
Ans: Under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution Governor can recommend President Rule in the state in the following circumstances:
It is the discretionary power of the Governor to see that such a situation has arisen or not as to warrant the imposition of President Rule.
Q24. Explain the executive relations between the centre and states.
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Q25. Write the discretionary powers of the Governor.
Ans: Governors are appointed by the President of India. He is given two roles in the states. No.l. He acts as nominal head of the states and No. 2. He acts as an agent of the centre. For this he is given discretionary powers which are as under:
Q26. Enumerable main demands for provisional autonomy.
Ans: In the last forty years, several demands have been raised in different states in the name of provisional autonomy. Main demands are as under:
Q27. Do you support the creation of new states?
Ans: The demand for the creation of new states is becoming more and more vocal. In fact, there are several factors which are responsible for such frequent and strong demands. Misuse of constitutional measures and provisions and tension between the centre and states are responsible for such demand. Recently three new states Uttaranchal from Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand from Bihar and Chattishgarh from M.P. have already been formed. Ther is the demand of Harit Pradesh, Gorkhaland and Telangana and other such numbers of states. At this stage, it is very difficult to check and control such demands. In the name of administrative convenience, we can justify the creation of new small states but ultimately it may force threat to national integration.
Q28. Discuss the controversy regarding the role of Governors in the state.
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Q29. Discuss the working of the federal system in India under the era of coalition Government.
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Q30. Mention special provisions in the Constitution for some states.
Ans: The most extraordinary feature of Indian federal arrangement created in India is that many states have been given special status on this reason or that reason. The constitution has some special provisions for some states due to their peculiar social and cultural and historical circumstances. Most of such special provisions pertain to the Northeastern States like Assam, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram (Article 371) Jammu and Kashmir are also given special states under Art 370 due to historical compulsions. Jammu and Kashmir have their own Constitution and enjoys a lot of autonomy and control in most of the areas.
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