Class 12 Psychology: CBSE Sample Question Paper- Term I (2021-22) - 1 | Psychology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

General instructions: 
1. The Question Paper contains three sections.
2. Section A has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
3. Section B has 24 questions. Attempt any 20 questions.
4. Section C has 12 questions. Attempt any 10 questions.
5. All questions carry equal marks.
6. There is no negative marking.

Q.1: Sternberg’s experiential intelligence includes:
(a) The ability to learn from future events
(b) The ability to manipulate people’s opinions
(c) Creative problem solving
(d) Basic academic skills.

Correct Answer is Option (a)
The ability to learn from future events.

Q.2: Mir had no recollection of the bicycle he received as a gift on his tenth birthday. But when Nita reminded him about the same, he was able to recall it. This is because memories of his birthday were lying in the______________ level.
(a) Unconscious 
(b) Preconscious 
(c) Conscious 
(d) Superconscious

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Mental activity that people are unaware of is called unconscious level. Mental activity which people may become aware only if they attend to it closely is called preconscious level. Thoughts, feelings and actions of which people are aware is called consciousness. Superconscious is not a state of consciousness as recognised under Psychology.

Q.3: Karim watches TV when he is stressed due to pending assignments in school. According to Endler and Parker, he is using _________ mechanism of coping.
(a) Avoidance 
(b) Task 
(c) Relaxation 
(d) Meditation

Correct Answer is Option (a)
The avoidance hyper oriented strategy aims at avoiding stressful events by indulging in different activities. Individual does not want to accept that he is facing such a stressful situation.

Q.4: __________is an individual’s preference for engaging in one or more specific activities relative to others. 
(a) Interest
(b) Intelligence
(c) Aptitude
(d) Personality

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.5: __________ is a way of reducing anxiety by distorting reality. 
(a) Superego 
(b) Defence Mechanism 
(c) Conscientiousness 
(d) None of these

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The defence mechanism defends the ego against the awareness of the instinctual reality. It is normal and adaptive.

Q.6: The state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion is known as 
(a) Resistance
(b) Stress
(c) Burnout
(d) Coping

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Q.7: __________ proposed the Hierarchical model of Intelligence. 
(a) Alfred Binet 
(b) Charles Spearman 
(c) Louis Thurstone 
(d) Arthur Jensen

Correct Answer is Option (d)
According to this model, abilities operate at two levels - Level I (Associative learning, output is equal to input, rote memory) and Level II (Cognitive competence, output is more than input).

Q.8: According to the Indian approach, personality is a combination of _________ Gunas. 
(a) 2 
(b) 3 
(c) 4 
(d) None

Correct Answer is Option (b)
These are called trigunas and are sattva, rajas and tamas.

Q.9: ___________  are the producers of antibodies. 
(a) B-cells 
(b) T-cells 
(c) Natural Killer cells 
(d) All of these

Correct Answer is Option (a)
All these are types of leukocytes but B-cells are responsible for production of antibodies. T-cells destroy invaders and increase immunological activity. Natural Killer cells are responsible for fighting against tumours and viruses.

Q.10: The ability to produce ideas, objects or problem solutions that are novel and innovative is called __________ . 
(a) Intelligence 
(b) Creativity 
(c) Emotions 
(d) Performance

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The ability to produce ideas, objects or problem solutions that are novel and innovative.

Q.11: The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by ________ 
(a) Morgan and Murray 
(b) Hathaway and McKinley 
(c) Hermann Rorschach and Cattle 
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (a)
In this test, there are 30 black and white picture cards and one blank card. Each picture card depicts one or more people in a variety of situations.

Q.12: A student blames her/his best friend for her/ his poor performance rather than devoting time towards studies. She/he is said to be using __________ coping. 
(a) Emotion oriented 
(b) Task oriented 
(c) Both (A) and (B) 
(d) None of these

Correct Answer is Option (a)
This strategy is basically escapism by using defence mechanisms.

Q.13: The sub-average intellectual functioning refers to an ID level of less than 
(a) 90
(b) 80
(c) 70
(d) 50

Correct Answer is Option (c)

Q.14: Which of these tests are implemented by psychologists to try and assess the personality of a person? 
(a) Psychometric Tests
(b) Projective Personality Tests
(c) Behavioural Tests
(d) All of these

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The psychologists employ all or combination of different tests and try to assess the personality of a person.

Q.15: Creative visualisation is a subjective experience that uses __________ and imagination. 
(a) Reality
(b) Imagery
(c) Feedback
(d) Meditation

Correct Answer is Option (b)

Q.16: Which of these deals with adequacy in skills of attention, observation, analysis, performance, speed, and achievement orientation? 
(a) Technological Intelligence
(b) Mental Intelligence
(c) Emotional Intelligence
(d) All of these

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.17: Anupam lacks patience, exhibits high motivation, feels burdened with work and always seems to be in a hurry. He needs to take care of himself as such people are prone to ailments like:
(a) Cancer 
(b) Depression 
(c) Coronary Heart Disease 
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (c)
According to Friedman and Roesenman, persons like Anupam belong to Type-A personality. Such people, according to them are prone to hypertension and chronic heart diseases.

Q.18: On being assessed for intelligence, Vivan scored high in aspects such as attention, observation, analysis, achievement orientation whereas Ajay scored high in social and emotional skills, selfreflection and 1:4 collectivistic orientation. Which of the following statements reflect these differences seen in Ajay and Vivan?
(a) Ajay is high in technological intelligence. 
(b) Vivan is not high in integral intelligence. 
(c) Vivan lacks technological intelligence and Ajay lacks integral intelligence. 
(d) Vivan is high in technological intelligence and Ajay is high in integral intelligence.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
Technological intelligence deals with adequacy in skills of attention, observation, analysis, performance, speed and achievement orientation. Integral intelligence deals with human emotions and social outlook.

Q.19: __________ results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or someone that hinders us from achieving a desired goal. 
(a) Conflicts 
(b) Frustration 
(c) Internal pressures 
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Frustration results from the blocking of needs and motive by something or someone that hinders us from achieving a destred goal. There could be a number of causes of frustration such as social discrimination, interpersonal hurt, low grades in school, etc. conflicts may occur between two or more incompatible needs or motives, e.g,. whether to study dance or psychology. You may want to continue Conflicts arise between two or more incompatible needs while internal pressures stem from expectations inside us from ourselves.

Q.20: Shobhita did not get admission in the college of her choice. She told her friends that she never really wanted to go there. She is using a defence mechanism called ___________ . 
(a) Repression 
(b) Projection 
(c) Reaction Formation 
(d) Denial

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Reaction Formation is an ego defence mechanism in which a person defends against anxiety by adopting behaviour opposite to his/her true feelings.

Q.21: If a person has the skill of understanding the motives, feelings and behaviours of other people, he/she is said to have
(a) Interpersonal intelligence 
(b) Intrapersonal intelligence 
(c) Linguistic intelligence 
(d) Social intelligence

Correct Answer is Option (a)
It's Interpersonal as to involve other people. Interpersonal is with oneself.

Q.22: Frustration is one of the sources of ________ stress.
(a) Physical
(b) Environmental
(c) Psychological
(d) Social

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Psychological stresses are generated by ourselves in our minds. These are personal and unique to the person experiencing them and are internal sources of stress. Frustration results from the blocking of needs and motives by something or someone that hinders us from achieving a desired goal.

Q.23: The notion of ________________ is based on Bandura’s social learning theory.
(a) self-esteem 
(b) self-efficacy 
(c) self-regulation 
(d) self-cognition

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Bandura showed that children and adults learned behaviour by observing and imitating others.

Q.24: __________are enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour. 
(a) Interviews
(b) Observations
(c) Performances
(d) Values

Correct Answer is Option (d)

Q.25: Bindu is a remarkable singer and she has won many accolades. She is known as a child prodigy. Which of the following terms best describe Bindu’s abilities? 
(a) Talent 
(b) Giftedness 
(c) Naturalistic Intelligence 
(d) Interest

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Talent refers to remarkable ability in a specific field, e.g., social, and are often called prodigies.

Q.26: ___________ personality is characterised by proneness to depression. 
(A) Type - A
(B) Type - B
(C) Type - C
(D) Type - D

Correct Answer is Option (d)

Q.27: Who defined stress as “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand”? 
(a) Hans Selye 
(b) Lazarus 
(c) Holmes and Rahe 
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Hans Selye is titled as “The Father of Modern Stress Research” for his psychological study on stress and its effects.

Q.28: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): The physical and psychological characteristics of individuals are not the same. 
Reason (R): Individuals differ in their ability to understand complex ideas, adapt to the environment, learn from experience, engage in various forms of reasoning, and to overcome obstacles.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.29: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): There is one guna present in every person. 
Reason (R): The dominance of one guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
All the three gunas are present in every person in different degrees. The dominance of a particular guna leads to a particular type of behaviour.

Q.30: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Primary appraisal refers to the assessment of one’s coping abilities, resources and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm, threat or challenge of the event. 
Reason (R): The resources may be mental, physical, personal or social.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
Secondary appraisal refers to that assessment of one’s coping abilities resources and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm, threat or challenge of the event.

Q.31: Emotional competence refers to: 
(a) Self-monitoring of emotions 
(b) Self-competence to handle behaviour 
(c) Discrimination of behaviour 
(d) Persistence in behaviour

Correct Answer is Option (a)
The emotions are self-monitored to assess the emotional competence of a person.

Q.32: Value judgement of a person about himself/herself is called __________ . 
(a) Self-Esteem 
(b) Self-Efficacy 
(c) Self-Regulation 
(d) Self-Cognition

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Self-esteem is the cognitive and behavioural aspect of self and is of two types – High self-esteem and Low self-esteem.

Q.33: __________ is the term used to describe the level of stress that is good for you. 
(a) Super stress 
(b) Eustress 
(c) Distress 
(d) Strict stress

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The term was coined Eustress by endocrinologist Hans Selye, consisting of the Greek prefix eu- meaning “good”, and stress, literally meaning “good stress”.

Q.34: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Aptitude refers to an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills. 
Reason (R): Aptitude tests are used to predict what an individual will be able to do if given proper environment and training.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Aptitude tests help to check aptitude of an individual. These are not cause and effect.

Q.35: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Each one of us has the capacity to choose and create. 
Reason (R): Every individual suffers from the feeling of adequacy and ego, i.e., superiority complex, which arise from childhood.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Every individual suffers from the feeling of inadequacy and guilt, i.e., inferiority complex, which arise from childhood.

Q.36: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): If pressures due to stress continue, one may suffer from mental overload. 
Reason (R): This suffering from high levels of stress can rapidly cause individuals to lose their ability to make sound decisions, it leads to poor concentration, and reduces short-term memory capacity.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.37: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Intelligence is a single entity. 
Reason (R): Various types of intelligences exist independent of each other.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
According to Howard Gardner, intelligence is not a single entity, rather distinct types of intelligence co-exist.

Q.38: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Strong sense of self-efficacy allows people to select, influence, and even construct the circumstances of their own life. 
Reason (R): Society, parents and their own positive experiences can help in the development of a strong sense of self-efficacy by presenting positive models during the formative years of children.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)
These are characteristics of selfefficacy but are not cause and effect.

Q.39: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): To manage stress, we often need to reassess the way we think and learn coping strategies. 
Reason (R): People who cope poorly with stress have an impaired immune response and diminished activity of natural killer cells.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Both the statements pertain to coping and stress managements but are not cause and effect.

Q.40: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): The PASS processes operate on a knowledge base. 
Reason (R): The knowledge base is developed by reading and writing alone.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (c)
PASS processes operate on a knowledge base developed either formally (by reading, writing, and experimenting) or informally from the environment.

Q.41: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Interview is a commonly used method for assessing personality.
Reason (R): Diagnostic interviewing generally involves basic interviewing which seeks to go beyond the replies given by the person.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Diagnostic interviewing generally involves in-depth interviewing which seeks to go beyond the replies given by the person.

Q.42: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Problem-focused response includes taking direct action to solve the problem. 
Reason (R): It pertains to seeking information that will be relevant to the solution.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.43: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Deficits in adaptive behaviour or the capacity to be independent and deal effectively with one’s environment. 
Reason (R): Deficits must be observed during the developmental period, i.e., between 0-18 years.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Both (A) and (R) are statements of facts about Deficits. They do not have cause and effect relationship.

Q.44: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Harmann Rorschach. 
Reason (R): It is a little more structured than the Inkblot test.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Morgan and Murray.

Q.45: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: 
Assertion (A): After visualising one must set oneself a realistic goal, as it helps build confidence. 
Assertion (R): It is easier to visualise if one’s mind is quiet, body is relaxed and eyes are closed.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (d)
Realistic goals are set and defined before visualising and not after visualising.

Q.46: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Some verbal tests require responses in written form. 
Reason (R): Verbal tests can only be administered to literate people.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Both (A) and (R) are statements of facts about verbal tests. They do not have cause and effect relationship.

Q.47: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): Sentence Completion Test makes use of a number of incomplete sentences. 
Assertion (R): It is held that the type of endings used by the subjects reflect their attitudes, motivation and conflicts.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.48: Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
Assertion (A): People with high levels of stress but low levels of illness share three characteristics. 
Reason: The three characteristics are Quality, Buffer and Resistance.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. 
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Correct Answer is Option (c)
The three characteristics are 3 Cs - Commitment, Control and Challenge.

Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children. The intelligence of identical twins reared together correlate almost 0.90. Twins separated early in childhood also show considerable similarity in their intellectual, personality and behavioural characteristics. The intelligence of identical twins reared in different environments correlate 0.72, those of fraternal twins reared together correlate almost 0.60, and those of brothers and sisters reared together correlate about 0.50, while siblings reared apart correlate about 0.25. Another line of evidence comes from the studies of adopted children, which shows that children’s intelligence is more similar to their biological rather than adoptive parents. With respect to the role of environment, studies have reported that as children grow in age, their intelligence level tends to move closer to that of their adoptive parents. Children from disadvantaged homes adopted into families with higher socioeconomic status exhibit a large increase in their intelligence scores. There is evidence that environmental deprivation lowers intelligence while rich nutrition, good family background, and quality schooling increases intelligence. There is a general consensus among psychologists that intelligence is a product of complex interaction of heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). Heredity can best be viewed as something that sets a range within which an individual’s development is actually shaped by the support and opportunities of the environment.
Choose the correct option:
Q.49: What type of children are studied for this analysis? 
(a) Siblings 
(b) Twins 
(c) Adopted 
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Correct Answer is Option (d)
The evidence for hereditary influences on intelligence comes mainly from studies on twins and adopted children.

Q.50: Which of these indicates correlation between the siblings who are reared apart? 
(a) 0.90
(b) 0.72
(c) 0.50
(d) 0.25

Correct Answer is Option (d)

Q.51: Children’s intelligence is more closely related to their _____________ parents.
(a) Biological 
(b) Adoptive 
(c) Single 
(d) Divorced

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Biological parents are the natural parents of a child.

Q.52: Quality schooling ____________ intelligence 
(a) Decreases 
(b) Increases 
(c) Does not affect 
(d) May or may not

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The quality of schooling is directly proportional to the intelligence it develops in the young minds.

Read the below case and answer the questions that follow:
A trait is considered as a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another. They are relatively stable over time and is generally consistent across situations. Their strengths and combination vary across individuals leading to individual differences in personality. Allport mentioned two types of traits; common traits and personal traits. Common Traits – are the traits found in the majority of persons living in a society or culture. Thus, people of a society or culture can be compared on that trait. For example, If X shows a trait of cooperativeness in his behaviours in various situations, and if similar behaviours are obtained in a large number of persons from that community or culture, this trait will be considered as a common Trait. Common traits thus are those which are reflected in the behaviour of most of the persons in a society or a community or culture. Personal Traits–This refers to the unique characteristics of a person and not shared by other members of the society or community or culture. Such a personal trait is not comparable with those of others in that culture.
These traits are inculcated by a person more in the process of socialisation and thus many of the do’s and don’ts of the parents or caregivers become part of the personality and these traits are unique to this individual. Another important aspect is that these traits are highly consistent and can be seen in almost all behaviours of this individual irrespective of the situation concerned. To give an example, the trait of parsimony is something which an individual will show in almost every aspect of his behaviour whether he is at home or office or school or anywhere. He will for example put off the lights to economise on electricity consumption whether at office or at home. Allport further divided personal traits into three subcategories: (A) Cardinal dispositions, (B) Central dispositions, and (C) Secondary dispositions.
Q.53: Which of these are sub-categories of personal traits?
(a) Central dispositions
(b) Cardinal dispositions
(c) Secondary dispositions
(d) All of these

Correct Answer is Option (d)
These sub-categories of personal traits are the basis of Allport Psychological Theory.

Q.54: How many types of traits have been propounded by Allport? 
(a) 2 
(b) 3 
(c) 5 
(d) 9

Correct Answer is Option (a)
Allport has divided traits into broadly two categories – Common traits and Personal traits.

Q.55: What is a trait? 
(a) Trait is a relatively enduring attribute or quality on which one individual differs from another.
(b) Trait refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
(c) Both of them
(d) None of them

Correct Answer is Option (a)

Q.56: Common traits are found in ____________ of persons living in a society or culture. 
(a) All 
(b) Majority 
(c) Minority 
(d) None

Correct Answer is Option (b)
Common traits are not found in all but in most of the people living in a society, environment and culture.

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option:
Stress factors broadly fall into three types or categories: physical stress, psychological stress and psychosocial stress. Physical stress: trauma (injury, infection, surgery), intense physical labour/over-exertion, environmental pollution (pesticides, herbicides, toxins, heavy metals, inadequate light, radiation, noise, electromagnetic fields), illness (viral, bacterial, or fungal agents), fatigue, inadequate oxygen supply, hypoglycaemia I (low blood sugar), hormonal and/or biochemical imbalances, dietary stress (nutritional deficiencies, food allergies and sensitivities, unhealthy eating habits), dehydration, substance abuse, dental challenges, and musculoskeletal misalignments/imbalances. Psychological stress: emotional stress (resentments, fears, frustration, sadness, anger, grief/bereavement), cognitive stress (information overload, accelerated sense of time, worry, guilt, shame, jealousy, resistance, attachments, selfcriticism, self-loathing, unworkable perfectionism, anxiety, panic attacks, not feeling like yourself, not feeling like things are real, and a sense of being out of control/not being in control), and perceptual stress (beliefs, roles, stories, attitudes, world view).
Psychosocial stress: relationship/marriage difficulties (partner, siblings, children, family, employer, co-workers, employer), lack of social support, lack of resources for adequate survival, loss of employment/investments/savings, loss of loved ones, bankruptcy, home foreclosure, and isolation. Overall, improperly or ineffectively managed stress usually takes a toll on the body. When stress related feelings, moods, emotions are pushed into the body, the soma, this is usually termed psychosomatic or psychogenic illness, including headaches, heart palpitations, physical/ cognitive/emotional pain and suffering, constricted throat and shallow, constricted breathing, clammy palms, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, allergies, asthma, autoimmune syndromes related to an ineffective functioning of the immune system, hypertension (high blood pressure), and gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhoea, upset stomach, duodenal ulcers and oesophageal reflux syndrome.
Q.57: Which of the following doesn’t fall under the broad category of stress? 
(a) Physical
(b) Social
(c) Economic
(d) Psychological

Correct Answer is Option (c)
Economic factors pertain to financial matters and not to stress.

Q.58: Loss of investment or employment fall under the category of 
(a) Social Stress 
(b) Psychological 
(c) Physical 
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (d)
According to the passage, loss of investment or employment fall under the category of psychosocial stress.

Q.59: When stress-related feelings, moods, emotions are pushed into the body, it is called
(a) Psychoneurotic illness
(b) Psychosomatic illness
(c) Hypertension
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option (b)
The feelings, moods and emotions are psychological factors and body relates to somatotype. So, such types of illness are referred to as psychosomatic illness.

Q.60: Stress management is about learning 
(a) How to avoid the pressures of life
(b) How to develop skills that would enhance our body’s adjustment when we are subjected to the pressures of life
(c) Both (A) and (B)
(d) None of these

Correct Answer is Option (b)