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Class 7 Science Chapter 2 NCERT Book - Exploring Substances: Acidic, Basic and Neutral

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FAQs on Class 7 Science Chapter 2 NCERT Book - Exploring Substances: Acidic, Basic and Neutral

1. What are acids and bases, and how do they differ from neutral substances?
Ans. Acids are substances that have a sour taste and turn blue litmus paper red. They release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution. Bases, on the other hand, have a bitter taste, feel slippery, and turn red litmus paper blue. They release hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Neutral substances do not affect litmus paper and have a pH of 7, meaning they are neither acidic nor basic.
2. How can we identify if a substance is acidic, basic, or neutral?
Ans. We can identify substances using litmus paper. If the substance turns blue litmus paper red, it is acidic. If it turns red litmus paper blue, it is basic. If there is no change, the substance is neutral. We can also use pH indicators or pH meters for more precise measurements.
3. What are some common examples of acids and bases found in everyday life?
Ans. Common examples of acids include vinegar (acetic acid), citric acid in citrus fruits, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Common bases include baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), soap, and ammonia. These substances are often used in cooking, cleaning, and various household tasks.
4. What is the pH scale, and what does it represent?
Ans. The pH scale is a numerical scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the acidity or basicity of a substance. A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic substance, a pH of 7 indicates a neutral substance, and a pH greater than 7 indicates a basic substance. The scale is logarithmic, meaning each whole number change represents a tenfold change in acidity or basicity.
5. Why are acids and bases important in our daily lives and the environment?
Ans. Acids and bases play crucial roles in various biological and chemical processes. They are essential in digestion, cleaning, and even in the manufacturing of products. In the environment, they affect soil quality, plant growth, and water chemistry. Understanding their properties helps us manage their effects on health and the ecosystem effectively.
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