Q1: Why did world population rise from 1800 onwards?
Ans: In 1820, the world’s population reached one billion. A hundred and fifty years later, in the early 1970s, the world’s population reached 3 billion. This is often called population explosion. In 1999, less than 30 years later, the population doubled to 6 billion. The main reason for this growth was that with better food supplies and medicine, deaths were reducing, while the number of births still remained fairly high.
Q2: Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.
Ans: Birth rate and death rate are the natural causes of population change. Birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 people. Death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people. When birth rate is more than death rate, population increases. When birth rate and death rate are same, population stays the same. When death rate is more than birth rate, population decreases. Thus, birth rate and death rate affect the balance of population.
Q3: What does the shape of a population pyramid of India indicate?
Ans: In countries where death rates (especially amongst the very young) are decreasing, the pyramid is broad in the younger age groups, because more infants survive to adulthood. This can be seen in the pyramid for India. Such populations contain a relatively large number of young people and which means a strong and expanding labour force.
Q4: Write a short note on distribution of population.
Ans: Distribution of population
Q5: Describe how various factors affect population distribution.
Ans: Factors affecting distribution of population
Geographical Factors
Social, Cultural and Economic Factors
Q6: ‘Until the 1800s, the world’s population grew steadily but slowly.’ Why?
Ans: For an extremely long period of human history, until the 1800s, the world’s population grew steadily but slowly. Large numbers of babies were born, but they died early too. This was as there were no proper health facilities. Sufficient food was not available for all the people. Farmers were not able to produce enough to meet the food requirements of all the people. As a result the total increase in population was very low.
Q7: Discuss the population pyramid of Kenya.
Ans: The population pyramid of a country in which birth and death rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top. This is because although, many children are born, a large percentage of them die in their infancy, relatively few become adults and there are very few old people. This situation is represented by the pyramid shown for Kenya.
Q8: What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?
Ans: The distribution of population in the world is extremely uneven. Some areas are very crowded and some are sparely populated. The causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world are:
Q9: What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?
Ans: Population pyramid is a graphical representation of population composition of a country. The shape of the population pyramid tells the story of the people living in that particular country. The numbers of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level of births. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 years) and reflects the number of deaths. The population pyramid also tells us how many dependents there are in a country. There are two groups of dependents — young dependents (aged below 15 years) and elderly dependents (aged over 65 years). Those of the working age are the economically active. The population pyramid of a country in which birth and death rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top.
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