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7. Critical phenomenon & Liquefaction of gases:

The phenomena of converting a gas into liquid is known as liquefaction. The liquefaction of gas is achieved by controlling P and T as follows:

1. Increasing pressure: An increase in pressure results in an increase in attraction among molecules.

2. Decreasing temperature: A decrease in temperature results in decrease in kinetic energy of molecules.

Critical temperature (Tc) : It is defined as the characteristic temperature for a given gas below which a continuous increase in pressure will bring liquefaction of gas and above which no liquefaction is noticed although pressure may be increased e.g. Tc for CO2 is 31.2°C.

TCDoc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

Critical pressure (Pc) : It is defined as the minimum pressure applied on 1 mole of gas placed at critical temperature, to just liquefy the gas

PC = Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

Critical Volume (Vc) : The volume occupied by 1 mole of gas placed at critical conditions.

VC = 3b (i.e. P = Pc and T = Tc)


8. Collision parameters 

- Mean free path

Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced = Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & AdvancedDoc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced (Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced = coefficient of viscosity)

Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced = Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

k = Boltzman constant ; Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced = collision diameter.

- Collision frequency (z) : no. of collision taking place per second per unit volume.

- Collision diameter : Closest distance between the centre of two molecule which are participating in collision.

-  Relative Humidity (RH) : 

At a given temperature

RH = Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

-  Loschmidth Number 

The number of molecules present in 1 cc of gas (or) vapour at STP.

value : 2.617 × 1019 1 cc

The document Doc: Liquefaction of Gases | Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced is a part of the JEE Course Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced.
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FAQs on Doc: Liquefaction of Gases - Chemistry for JEE Main & Advanced

1. What is liquefaction of gases?
Ans. Liquefaction of gases refers to the process of converting gases into their liquid state by cooling or increasing the pressure. This process involves reducing the temperature or increasing the pressure of the gas until it reaches its critical point, where it can exist in both liquid and gas phases.
2. How is liquefaction of gases useful?
Ans. Liquefaction of gases has various practical applications. It allows for the storage and transportation of gases in a more compact and convenient form. It is used in industries to produce liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and other liquefied gases. It is also essential in the production of medical oxygen and other industrial gases.
3. What are the methods used for liquefying gases?
Ans. There are several methods used for liquefying gases. The most common methods include the Joule-Thomson effect, where the gas is expanded through a small orifice to reduce its temperature, and the Claude process, which involves compressing and cooling the gas through a series of stages. Other methods include the Linde process, the Hampson-Linde cycle, and the Brayton cycle.
4. What are the challenges in liquefying gases?
Ans. Liquefying gases can be challenging due to their unique properties. Some gases have extremely low boiling points, requiring very low temperatures for liquefaction. Others may have high critical temperatures, making it difficult to achieve liquefaction. Additionally, the equipment and infrastructure required for liquefaction can be expensive and energy-intensive.
5. Are all gases capable of being liquefied?
Ans. Not all gases can be easily liquefied. The ability to liquefy a gas depends on its critical temperature and pressure. Gases with critical temperatures below the ambient temperature can be liquefied with relative ease, while gases with critical temperatures above the ambient temperature require more extreme cooling techniques. Some gases, such as helium and hydrogen, have extremely low critical temperatures and can be liquefied at very low temperatures.
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