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Essay on Environment - Class 10 PDF Download


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Environment may refer to the entire world, or any part of it such as particular geographical area. It consists of both living and non-living things. Living things such as animals, plants, flora, fauna, etc. interacts with both other living and non-living things. Similarly, non-living things such as soil (land), landscape, water (ocean, seas, ponds, lakes, rivers), weather, climate, temperature, sunlight, air, etc. interacts with other non-living and living things.

There is a close relationship between living organisms and environmentEcology is the branch of science that studies the interaction between organisms and their environment.

The interaction of living beings, including human-beings, brings changes in the environment. Similarly, livings beings also display changes within them with the change in the environment.

Thus, the environment can be thought of in a way that is:

  • General: the whole natural world can be referred to as ‘the environment’.
  • Specific: an animal’s environment is their particular habitat, where they thrive.
  • More abstract: a term that refers to the delicate ecology of planet.
  • Our natural environment consists of land (soil), water (rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, ponds), atmosphere (weather, climate, temperature), living organisms (animals, plants), non-living
  • Adverse effects of human activity on environment

    Human activity has caused several adverse effects on the Environment.

    • The discharge of untreated industrial wastes, and other unsafe substances into water bodies has caused water pollution.
    • The air is contaminated because of the uncontrolled release of harmful industrial and vehicular smokes into the air.
    • Our environment also suffers from soil and noise pollution.
    • The excessive emission of greenhouse gases has caused an increase in surface temperature of planet earth and ultimately leading to a situation called Global warming.
  • Save environment

    It’s time to take care of our environment. Human-beings and other living creatures depend upon environment and natural surroundings. The activities of human beings cause severe harm to the environment. The following measures can save our environment:

    • Pollution control laws should be imposed strictly. 
    • Restriction on the use of fossil fuels should be imposed. When we burn fossil fuels, it releases harmful gases into the environment and pollutes it. In its place, the usage of non-conventional sources of energy should be encouraged.
    • Emission of carbon-dioxide and other greenhouse gases should be reduced to save our environment from the threat of Global warming.
    • We should all put effort to conserve natural fresh water, where-ever possible. Besides protecting the various ecosystemsthat depend on fresh-water, the preservation of fresh water also reduces the costs involved in re-processing the water to make it re-usable.
    • We can plant more trees and support the afforestation and reforestation projects.
    • Waste reduction and waste recycling can have a positive impact on the environment.
  • World Environment Day

    Every year, people and organizations around the world observe 5th of June as the World Environment day. The objective behind celebrating this day is to create awareness among people to take positive actions for the protection of environment.

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1. What is the importance of the environment?
Ans. The environment plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as air, water, and food. Additionally, a healthy environment is necessary for biodiversity, climate regulation, and maintaining ecological balance.
2. How does pollution impact the environment?
Ans. Pollution has various adverse effects on the environment. Air pollution leads to respiratory problems and climate change. Water pollution contaminates our water sources and harms aquatic life. Soil pollution affects agricultural productivity and can lead to food scarcity. Overall, pollution disrupts the natural balance of ecosystems and poses a threat to human health.
3. What are the main causes of deforestation?
Ans. Deforestation, the clearing of forests for human activities, is primarily caused by agricultural expansion, logging, mining, and urbanization. These activities result in the loss of habitat for numerous plant and animal species, contribute to climate change, and reduce the Earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.
4. How can individuals contribute to protecting the environment?
Ans. Individuals can contribute to protecting the environment in various ways. They can conserve energy by using energy-efficient appliances and reducing waste. Recycling and proper waste disposal also play a crucial role. Additionally, individuals can promote sustainable practices such as using public transportation, planting trees, and supporting eco-friendly initiatives.
5. What are the consequences of climate change?
Ans. Climate change has severe consequences for the environment and society. Rising global temperatures lead to melting glaciers, rising sea levels, and more frequent and intense natural disasters like hurricanes and droughts. It also disrupts ecosystems, endangers species, affects agriculture and food production, and poses health risks for humans, such as the spread of diseases.
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