What impact did industrialization have on face-to-face interactions in urban settings?

Industrialization reduced face-to-face interactions.

• Work became the main focus.

• Complex labor division emerged.

• Social connections weakened over time.

Fill in the blank: Marx described the situation where labor is viewed as a means of survival rather than enjoyment as ___.

Alienation

How does India's industrialization experience differ from the Western model?

India's industrialization is distinct.

• Government plays a significant role.

• Private sector involvement is crucial.

• More balance than Western models.

True or False: The organized sector in India provides job security and benefits to all workers.

False. The organized sector is limited in size, and many workers do not have access to stable, well-paying jobs.

What role does the government play in India's mixed economy regarding industrial sectors?

The government controls certain sectors while allowing private businesses to operate in others, aiming for regional dispersion of industries.

Which two sectors employ the majority of workers in developing nations like India?

The primary sector (agriculture and mining) and the secondary sector (manufacturing, construction, and utilities).

Riddle: I’m a method from the 1890s, focused on improving efficiency and productivity, who am I?

Scientific Management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, is also known as Taylorism.

What are the main risks faced by workers in underground mining conditions?

Workers are at risk of flooding, fires, collapses, gas releases, and respiratory issues due to dust and poor ventilation.

Fill in the blank: The government initiated a '___' process to sell its stake in public companies as part of liberalization.

Disinvestment

How did liberalization in the 1990s impact foreign investment in India?

Liberalization boosted foreign investment significantly.

• Increased private sector participation.

• Foreign goods became more accessible.

• Enhanced competition in the market.

True or False: Home-based work in India is predominantly done by men.

False. Women and children are the main workers in home-based industries.

What challenges do workers face during strikes in India?

Workers struggle to support themselves without pay and may face management attempts to use substitute labor.

What is the significance of small-scale industries in the context of India's economy?

Small-scale industries provide employment opportunities and contribute significantly to the economy, especially in rural areas.

Fill in the blank: The majority of India's labor force works in the ___ sector.

Primary

Riddle: I’m a law meant to protect miners and ensure safety, but often ignored by contractors, what am I?

The Mines Act of 1952.

What are the implications of the limited size of the organized sector on social interaction among workers?

Limited sector size restricts social interaction.

• Fewer diverse backgrounds.

• Limited networking opportunities.

• Reduced collaborative learning.

What is the primary focus of 'just-in-time' production methods?

To minimize inventory costs by receiving goods only as they are needed for production, increasing efficiency but also stress on workers.