The share of India's economy in the world at the beginning of the eighteenth century was approximately ___ percent.

23 percent

True or False: The imposition of tariffs on Indian textiles by British rule helped to enhance the competitiveness of Indian cloth in the market.

False. The imposition of nearly 80 percent tariffs on Indian textiles made Indian cloth uncompetitive.

Fill in the blank: The economic policy known as ___ allowed one-way free trade that favored British imports over Indian goods.

One-way free trade

What was a significant consequence of the deindustrialization process in India during British rule?

The decline of traditional industries and the ruin of artisans and handicraftsmen.

True or False: The British colonial rule in India led to a significant modernization of Indian industrial sectors.

False. There were no steps taken towards modern industrialization in India.

Fill in the blank: The economic impact of British rule resulted in India’s share of the world economy decreasing from ___ percent to ___ percent.

23 percent to 3 percent

What led to the realization of India's economic decline during the British rule?

The decline of many cities and traditional industries, leading to a loss of livelihoods.

The new zamindars resorted to land grabbing and sub-infeudation due to ___ and ___ for new investments.

Lack of avenues and inability

True or False: The transferability of land improved the security of tenants.

False. It caused great insecurity to the tenants who lost all their traditional rights to land.

Fill in the blank: The peasant suffered under a triple burden of the Government, zamindar, and ___.

Moneylenders

What factors contributed to the stagnation and deterioration of agriculture during this period?

The cultivator lacked both the means and incentive to invest in agriculture.

True or False: Absentee landlordism decreased the burden on the peasant.

False. It increased the burden on the peasant.

Fill in the blank: The emergence of intermediaries in land tenure systems led to increased ___ for peasants.

Financial burdens

The regular recurrence of famines in India indicates the impact of ___ on the agrarian economy.

Colonial policies and commercialization of agriculture

True or False: The commercialization of agriculture in India primarily benefited local farmers.

False. It primarily benefited European owners and the wider market.

Fill in the blank: Commercial crops such as cotton, jute, and ___ were more profitable than food grains.

Sugarcane

What was the trend of agricultural commercialization in India during the colonial period?

The trend involved the shift towards growing cash crops for export rather than food crops for local consumption.

Fill in the blank: The plantation sector of Indian agriculture, including tea and coffee, was primarily owned by ___.

Europeans

True or False: The cultivation of spices and fruits in India did not cater to a wider market.

False. It catered to a wider market and was part of the commercialization trend.

The destruction of the textile industry in India is an example of ___ deindustrialization.

Colonial

True or False: The first cotton textile mill in India was established in 1855.

False. The first cotton textile mill was established in 1853.

What role did Indian moneylenders play in the colonial economy?

They provided loans to agriculturists, facilitating state revenue collection.

Fill in the blank: The shipbuilding industry was particularly prominent in regions such as ___ and ___.

Surat and Bengal

True or False: Industrial development in India was characterized by a balanced growth across all regions.

False. Industrial development showed lopsided patterns, favoring some regions over others.

Identify one major consequence of the British colonial policy on Indian industry.

The destruction of local industries, such as textiles and shipbuilding.

Fill in the blank: The first jute mill in India was established in ___ in 1855.

Rishra

The theory proposed by Dadabhai Naoroji regarding the economic conditions in India is known as the theory of ___ .

Economic drain

True or False: The development of railways in India was aligned with the country's industrial needs.

False. The development of railways was not coordinated with India's industrial needs.

The essence of nineteenth-century colonialism in India involved transforming the country into a supplier of ___ and ___ for the British metropolis.

Foodstuffs and raw materials

What was the impact of one-way free trade on India's handicrafts industry?

It exposed the industry to premature, unequal, and unfair competition.