Obiter dicta are ___ that do not form part of the judgment for the purposes of stare decisis.

Observations by a judge on law or facts not specifically before the court

The term 'pari passu' refers to creditors ranking ___ in bankruptcy proceedings.

Equally, meaning assets are distributed without preference between them.

The Prescription Act of 1832 establishes the period required for acquiring property rights through continued use, which is known as ___.

Prescription

True or False: Private law involves the State directly regulating relationships between individuals.

False. Private law regulates relationships between individuals without direct State involvement.

The term 'Probate law' refers to regulations concerning ___ and ___ related to a deceased person's estate.

Wills and the distribution of assets

True or False: A promissory note is an order to pay a certain amount of money.

False. A promissory note is a promise to pay, not an order.

True or False: Punitive damages are primarily awarded to compensate the injured party for losses.

False; punitive damages are ordered to punish particularly serious conduct, not just to compensate.

Res ipsa loquitur is a legal principle that presumes negligence against the defendant when the object causing injury was under their control. True or False?

True. Res ipsa loquitur implies that the circumstances of the incident indicate negligence, which can be rebutted by the defendant if they prove the accident was inevitable.

Riparian rights include the right to ___ and ___ the water for domestic purposes.

Access to, and use of

Sequestration refers to the ___ of property by court order until compliance with a prior court ruling.

Temporary confiscation

A person who has full legal rights and is not under any incapacity is referred to as ___.

Sui juris

True or False: In a tenancy in common, the deceased tenant's share automatically passes to the surviving tenant.

False. In a tenancy in common, the deceased tenant's share does not automatically pass to the surviving tenant; it becomes part of the deceased’s estate.

The person who dies after making a valid will is known as the ___?

Testator

True or False: A tortfeasor is someone who has committed a crime.

False. A tortfeasor is a person who commits a tort, which is a non-contractual breach of duty, not necessarily a crime.

True or False: A company can be bound by an act that is beyond the authority granted by its memorandum of association.

False. A company cannot be bound by an act that exceeds its powers, as defined by its memorandum of association.

A document that is void is considered to be ___ and has ___ legal effect.

Worthless; no

True or False: A contract that is voidable can be enforced by both parties regardless of any defects.

False; a voidable contract can only be enforced by the innocent party.

True or False: The DPDPA imposes strict restrictions on the government's ability to process personal data.

False. The DPDPA provides wide exemptions for the government to process personal data, especially for law enforcement and public order.

True or False: Under the DPDPA, the government can retain personal data indefinitely for any research purpose without restriction.

False. The government can only retain personal data until the research is completed and the use must comply with prescribed standards.

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA), 2023 is applicable to data collected before its enactment. True or False?

False. The DPDPA does not have retroactive applicability; it cannot be applied to data collected before the Act was enacted.