What are the two primary divisions of the nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating autonomic functions such as hunger and temperature?

The hypothalamus.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?

Optic nerve (CN II).

Which type of white matter fibers connect different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere?

Association fibers.

The caudate nucleus and putamen are components of which brain structure?

The basal ganglia.

Which embryonic structure develops into the central nervous system?

Neural plate.

What is the role of the sulcus limitans in the neural tube?

It separates the alar plate from the basal plate.

Which part of the neural tube gives rise to the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

Basal plate.

What type of fibers does the internal capsule contain?

Projection fibers.

Failure of which neuropore to close results in anencephaly?

Anterior neuropore.

Which of the following structures is derived from the mesencephalon? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla oblongata C) Tectum D) Hypothalamus

C) Tectum

What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

To perform local reflex actions in the gastrointestinal tract independently of the CNS.

During which week of embryonic development does neurulation begin?

The third week.

What type of cells do neural crest cells differentiate into?

Neurons and glial cells outside the CNS.

Which part of the diencephalon is responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Pineal gland.

Which commissural fiber connects the left and right hippocampi?

Hippocampal commissure.

What is the main role of the corpus callosum?

To facilitate communication between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Which layer of the neural tube wall contains neuroblasts and glial cells?

Mantle (intermediate) layer.

Which embryonic structure develops into the lens of the eye?

Optic (lens) placodes.

What is the primary role of the alar plate in the neural tube?

To produce sensory neuroblasts that migrate to the posterior horn.

What is the outcome of failed closure of the posterior neuropore?

Spina bifida.

Which type of myelination is completed by the end of the second year after birth?

Corticospinal tracts.

Which embryonic structure gives rise to most ganglia in the peripheral nervous system?

Neural crest cells.

What part of the rhombencephalon develops into the cerebellum?

Metencephalon.

Which of the following is a function of the pons? A) Coordination of movement B) Auditory processing C) Regulation of sleep D) Vision

C) Regulation of sleep

What is the primary function of the thalamus within the diencephalon?

To act as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

What does the term 'myelination' refer to?

The process of forming a myelin sheath around axons.

Which placode gives rise to the cells of the trigeminal ganglion?

Trigeminal placode.

What is the significance of the anterior commissure during brain development?

It is the first commissure to form, linking olfactory structures and temporal gyri.

Which layer of the neural tube wall is lined by ependymal cells?

Neuroepithelial (ventricular) layer.