India's total renewable groundwater resources are approximately ___ cubic km.

432 cubic km

True or False: Agriculture in India consumes more than 90% of groundwater resources.

False. Agriculture consumes around 92% of groundwater resources.

The mean annual flow of all river basins in India is estimated to be ___ cubic km.

1,869 cubic km

Fill in the blank: The Ganga and Brahmaputra basins account for approximately ___% of India's total replenishable groundwater resources.

46%

What percentage of India's surface water is consumed by agriculture?

89%

True or False: The Peninsular rivers, such as the Godavari and Krishna, have a higher mean annual flow than the Himalayan rivers.

False. The Himalayan rivers generally have a higher mean annual flow than the Peninsular rivers.

Fill in the blank: The states with the highest level of groundwater utilization in India include Punjab, Haryana, ___, and Tamil Nadu.

Rajasthan

What is the primary reason for the high demand for irrigation in India?

The irregularity of rainfall in both time and space.

True or False: Lagoons and backwaters in India typically contain freshwater.

False. Lagoons and backwaters contain brackish water.

What are the main sources of surface water resources in India?

Rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks.

The primary reason for the diminishing availability of drinkable water in India is ___ and ___.

The swift increase in population and contamination from domestic waste, agriculture, and industries.

True or False: Water quality refers to water that contains high levels of undesirable impurities.

False. Water quality refers to water that is devoid of undesirable impurities such as microorganisms, chemicals, and industrial wastes.

What are some practices the government should promote for water conservation and management?

Watershed development, rainwater harvesting, recycling and reuse of water, and conjunctive use of water.

Fill in the blank: Major rivers in India, including the ___ and ___, are heavily polluted with organic and bacterial contaminants.

Ganga and Yamuna.

True or False: Groundwater in India is not affected by pollution from heavy metals and nitrates.

False. Groundwater in different parts of the country is polluted with high concentrations of toxic heavy metals, fluoride, and nitrates.

What is the role of the Central Pollution Control Board in relation to water quality in India?

The Central Pollution Control Board monitors water quality at various stations across India.

Fill in the blank: Water pollution is primarily caused by ___, ___, and ___ activities.

Agricultural, industrial, and domestic.

The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 was effective in preventing the establishment of polluting factories along rivers and lakes. True or False?

False. The Act failed to prevent the establishment of 251 polluting factories along rivers and lakes in 1997.

Recycling and reusing water can help reduce the expenses of industries by allowing them to use ___ for purposes such as cooling and fire-fighting.

Low-quality water and their own wastewater.

What is a critical reason for the ineffectiveness of pollution control measures despite government efforts?

The ineffectiveness is due to various obstacles such as insufficient enforcement of laws and lack of public awareness about water conservation.

Fill in the blank: Raising awareness among the public about water conservation is necessary to reduce ___ from agricultural and industrial activities.

Pollutants.

Short answer: What is one practical method industries can adopt to preserve fresh water?

Industries can recycle and reuse their wastewater for certain purposes, which helps conserve fresh water.

Watershed management aims to efficiently manage and conserve ___ resources.

Surface water

True or False: Community participation is not essential for the success of watershed development programs.

False. Community participation is crucial for the success of any Watershed Development programme.

The Neeru-Meeru Programme is an example of a state-initiated watershed development programme in ___.

Andhra Pradesh