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Foreign Gene Product & Downstream Processing Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET

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FAQs on Foreign Gene Product & Downstream Processing Video Lecture - Biology Class 12 - NEET

1. What is a foreign gene product?
Ans. A foreign gene product refers to a protein or other biomolecule that is produced by introducing a foreign gene into an organism. This gene is typically not naturally present in the organism, but is inserted through genetic engineering techniques. The foreign gene is then expressed by the organism, leading to the production of the corresponding foreign gene product.
2. What is downstream processing in the context of foreign gene products?
Ans. Downstream processing refers to a series of steps that are carried out after the production of a foreign gene product. These steps are aimed at isolating, purifying, and refining the desired product from the complex mixture of cellular components and impurities. Downstream processing typically involves techniques such as filtration, chromatography, and various separation methods to obtain a highly purified and concentrated form of the foreign gene product.
3. What are some challenges associated with downstream processing of foreign gene products?
Ans. There are several challenges associated with downstream processing of foreign gene products. One major challenge is the complexity of the starting material, which often contains a mixture of cellular components, host cell proteins, and other impurities. Additionally, the desired foreign gene product may be present in low concentrations, making its isolation and purification more difficult. The stability of the foreign gene product during processing and the potential presence of endotoxins or other contaminants also pose challenges.
4. What are the different techniques used in downstream processing of foreign gene products?
Ans. Various techniques are employed in downstream processing of foreign gene products. These include filtration, centrifugation, chromatography (such as affinity, ion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography), precipitation, and ultrafiltration/diafiltration. Each technique serves a specific purpose in the purification and concentration of the foreign gene product, and they are often used in combination to achieve the desired purity and yield.
5. How is downstream processing of foreign gene products beneficial in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries?
Ans. Downstream processing plays a crucial role in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. It allows for the isolation and purification of foreign gene products, which are often used as therapeutic proteins or enzymes. The high purity and concentration achieved through downstream processing ensure the safety and efficacy of these products. Additionally, downstream processing enables the removal of impurities, contaminants, and endotoxins, which are critical for regulatory compliance and product quality.
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