Geography: CBSE Sample Question Paper with Solutions - 2 | Sample Papers for Class 11 Humanities - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question number 1 to 14 are Multiple choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(iii) Question number 15 to 16 are Multiple source based questions carrying 3 marks each.
(iv) Question number 17 to 21 are Short-answer questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 80 – 100 words.
(v) Question number 22 to 26 are Long-answer questions carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 150 words.
(vi) Question number 27 and 28 are related to identification and locating and labelling of geographical features on maps, carrying 5 marks each.
(vii) Outline maps of the World and India provided to you must be attached within your answer-book
(viii) Use of templates and stencils for drawing outline maps is allowed.

Q.1. Which one of the following is associated with biogeography?
(a) Geology
(b) Sociology
(c) Zoology
(d) Climatology

Correct Answer is Option c.

Q.2. Physical geography is a
(a) Study of humans
(b) study of politics.
(c) Study of population.
(d) study of landforms.

Correct Answer is Option d.

Q.3. Geo-informatics comprising techniques such as
(a) remote sensing, GIS, GPS.
(b) computer cartography.
(c) qualitative techniques.
(d) quantitative techniques.

Correct Answer is Option a.

Q.4. The regional approach was developed by
(a) Alexander Von Humboldt.
(b) Karl Ritter
(c) Ptolemy
(d) Ibn-e-Batuta

Correct Answer is Option b.

Q.5. Soils are formed by the process of
(a) soil synthesis.
(b) pedogenesis.
(c) photosynthesis.
(d) radio genesis.

Correct Answer is Option b.

Q.6. The interior of the earth can only be understood by ______________
(a) Direct methods
(b) Indirect methods
(c) Both the indirect and direct methods
(d) None

Correct Answer is Option c.

Q.7. The Deccan trap is a large
(a) flood plain.
(b) flood basalt province.
(c) lava plain.
(d) shield volcano.

Correct Answer is Option b.

Q.8. Which processes are constantly shaping the landscape?
(a) Endogenic only
(b) Exogenic only
(c) Endogenic and Exogenic both
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option c.

Q.9. Magma refers to __________.
(a) Rocks
(b) Material in upper mantle
(c) Material in upper core
(d) Material in the crust

Correct Answer is Option b.

Q.10. The vibration direction parallel to the wave direction in the vertical plane is present in
(a) P-waves.
(b) S-waves.
(c) surface waves.
(d) L-waves.

 Correct Answer is Option a.

Q.11. Physical geography deals with the
(a) study of settlements.
(b) study of culture.
(c) study of soils.
(d) study of humans.

Correct Answer is Option c.

Q.12. The major issue for environmental geography is
(a) scientific study of the habitats.
(b) pollution, land degradation and conservation of environment.
(c) geographic characteristics of animals and their habitats.
(d) population explosion.

Correct Answer is Option b.

Q.13. Regional geography helps in identifying the
(a) realms.
(b) regions.
(c) distributions.
(d) problems.

Correct Answer is Option b.

Q.14. To sustain our life, we use
(a) technology.
(b) shelter.
(c) resources.
(d) environment.

Correct Answer is Option c.

Q.15. Read the case study given below and answer any three of the questions that follow.
The destruction of the soil cover is described as soil erosion. The soil forming processes and the erosional processes of running water and wind go on simultaneously. But generally, there is a balance between these two processes. The rate of removal of fine particles from the surface is the same as the rate of addition of particles to the soil layer. Sometimes, such a balance is disturbed by natural or human factors, leading to a greater rate of removal of soil. Human activities too are responsible for soil erosion to a great extent. As the human population increases, the demand on the land also increases. Forest and other natural vegetation are removed for human settlement, for cultivation, for grazing animals and for various other needs. Wind and water are powerful agents of soil erosion because of their ability to remove soil and transport it. Wind erosion is significant in arid and semi-arid regions. In regions with heavy rainfall and steep slopes, erosion by running water is more significant. Water erosion which is more serious and occurs extensively in different parts of India, takes place mainly in the form of sheet and gully erosion. Sheet erosion takes place on level lands after a heavy shower and the soil removal is not easily noticeable. But it is harmful since it removes the finer and more fertile top soil. Gully erosion is common on steep slopes. Gullies deepen with rainfall, cut the agricultural lands into small fragments and make them unfit for cultivation. A region with a large number of deep gullies or ravines is called a bad land topography. Ravines are widespread, in the Chambal basin. Besides this, they are also found in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. The country is losing about 8,000 hectares of land to ravines every year.
(i) The country is losing about __________ hectares of land to ravines every year.
(a) 8,00
(b) 7,000
(c)  5,000
(d) 6,000

Correct Answer is Option a.

(ii)  The soil forming processes and the erosional processes of running water and wind go on ________: 
(a) differently
(b) simultaneously
(c) separately
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option b.

(iii) Ravines are widespread in the ________ basin.
(a) Sunderbans
(b)  Himalayan
(c) Brahmaputra
(d)  Chambal

Correct Answer is Option d.

Q.16. Read the case study and answer the following questions:
Unlike the parallels of latitude which are circles, the meridians of longitude are semi-circles that converge at the poles.  If  opposite  meridians  are  taken  together,  they  complete  a  circle,  but  they  are  valued  separately  as  two  meridians. The meridians intersect the equator at right angles. Unlike the parallels of latitude, they are all equal in length. For convenience of numbering, the meridian of longitude passing through the Greenwich observatory (near London) has been adopted as the Prime Meridian by an international agreement and has been given the value of 0°. The longitude of a place is its angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. It is also measured in degrees. The longitudes vary from 0° to 180° eastward and westward of the Prime Meridian. The part of the earth  east  of  the  Prime  Meridian  is  called  the  eastern  hemisphere  and,  in  its  west,  referred  to  as  the  western  hemisphere.
(i) The meridians intersect the Equator at ________ angles.
(a) right
(b)  acute
(c) reflex
(d)  intersecting

Correct Answer is Option a.

(ii)  The meridians of longitudes converge at the _________:
(a) latitudes
(b) axis
(c)  equator
(d) poles

Correct Answer is Option d.

(iii)  The meridians of longitude are:
(a) Circles
(b)  Straight lines
(c) Semi-circles
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer is Option c.

Q.17. What is a sub-continent ? Explain this with reference to countries lying south of the Himalayan Mountain System in South Central Asia.

Sub-continent : A sub-continent is a vast independent geographical unit.  This land mass is distinctly  separated from the main continent. The vastness in size  produces a diversity in economic, social and cultural  conditions. India is a vast country. It is often  described as ‘Indian sub-continent’.
Countries : The Himalayan mountain system acts as a physical barrier separating the Indian subcontinent from the main land of Asia. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka combine together to form a sub-continent. The great mountain wall isolates these countries from Asia.
These are also called ‘SAARC’ countries.

Q.18. State the passes in N.W. part of India and explain their importance.

The only way people from outside could get into India were the Khyber Pass, near Safed Koh, and the Hindu Kush mountains and the Bolan pass between the Sulaiman and the Kirthar ranges in the north-west that separated the Indian realm from Afghanistan. It is through these routes that earlier central and west Asian tribes came to India, and later armies of Alexander, Afghan and Persians entered India.

Q.19. Describe the land and water frontiers of India.

Land and Water Frontiers. India has a land border in the North, North-West and North-East. It is 15,200 kilometres in length. Indian Ocean forms the water frontiers of India. India has a long coastline of 7516 kilometres.
(i) The Northern Border. The great mountain wall in the North is a natural boundary. The high Himalayas form a natural bulwork between China, Tibet and India. These high mountains form the dividing line between India and China. It is known as McMohan line.
(ii) The Western Border. In the west, the border between Pakistan and India runs across Rajasthan (Thar desert) and Punjab Plains along Sutlej and Ravi rivers, J & K, Gujarat States.
(iii) The Eastern Border. In the East, a series of mountain ranges separate India from  Burma (Myanmar). The Ganges delta forms the boundary between India and Bangladesh. Bangladesh is bounded by India on three sides and Bay of Bengal on the fourth Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and West Bengal are States.
(iv) The Southern Border, Arabian Sea in the west. The Indian ocean in the south, and Bay of Bengal in the east form the water frontiers of India. A narrow stretch of water known as Palk strait and Gulf of Mannar separate Sri Lanka from India.

Q.20. ‘Geography is linked with Astronomy’.

Geography studies latitude and longitudes. It is linked with maps and Geoid. Map is a two dimensional representation. Globe is a three dimensional representation. Geography is an art of preparing maps.

Q.21. How does the study of Geography help us in becoming a good citizen.

Geography like other social sciences, history and civics, helps us to become good citizens. It helps us in the study of man-environment relationship. We know human reaction to environment in different parts of the world. We come to know why some countries are rich through the utilization of resources. We thus analyse the causes of variation in the stage of development in different parts. Geography makes us aware of our position on the globe and our relations with other countries of the world. Thus, Geography cultivates a spirit of international undertsanding between us. It provides us with wisdom for a truly civic outlook. Thus Geography like other social sciences helps us to be better citizens by learning our duties in a wider and broader outlook.

Q.22. Discuss the relation of Geography with other disciplines.
Or
“Geography is a science of integration or synthesis.” Discuss.

Modern Geography describes the earth and its natural and man-made features. It is a descriptive and analytical study. Geography draws a good deal of facts from natural and social sciences. There is a close relationship between Geography and following other allied sciences :
1. Chorological Sciences: Chorological Sciences are concerned with the study of an area. Thus Astronomy and Geography are closely related to each other. Different aspects of Astronomy such as size and shape of the earth, solar system, latitude and longitude have laid the foundation of geography as a science.
2. Chronological Sciences: History is a Chronological Science concerned with the elements of time. History and Geography are linked with each other. History helps us to understand the different stages of human development through different periods.
3. Systematic Sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Botany and Zoology are systematic sciences. These help us to study man-environment relationship.
4. Relation with Economics: Geography is closely related to Economics. Economics helps us to solve problems of economic development of an area and human welfare.
5. Relation with other Sciences: Many branches of Geography have contributed a lot to allied Sciences. Geography is related to Geology; Historical geography is related to History; Political Geography is related to Political Science; Geography is also related to Psychology and Sociology.
Every science contributes some relevant aspects to Geography. These relevant aspects are integrated for our study. The importance of these aspects is understood in a composite or synthetic form. We try to relate physical and man-made features. There is a close relationship between the relief of the land and human development of an area. This is a process of integration or synthesis. Maps and data are integrated to give a composite picture. It is from this point of view that Geography is called a “Science of integration or synthesis.”

Q.23. Distinguish between antecedent drainage and consequent drainage.

Antecedent Drainage
1. These rivers maintain their original slope (before the up-lift), despite the rise of the land due to folding.Rivers keep on flowing in the original direction.
2. These rivers are older than the fold mountains over which these rivers flow.
3. These rivers cut deep gorges due to down cutting.
4. The trans Himalayan rivers Indus, Sutlej, Kosi, represent antecedent rivers.

Consequent Drainage
1. In an up-lifted area, the rivers flow in the direction resulting as a consequence of the slope.
2. These rivers are formed after the uplift of the area.
3. These rivers do not form gorges.
4.  The rivers of the Peninsular India flow eastward, according to slope, and are consequent rivers.

Q.24. Explain how far India can be said to occupy the most central position in the Indian Ocean.

(i) India lies at the head of the Indian Ocean.
The Indian Ocean extends between 0°E to 120°E longitudes, with Kanniyakumari located along 80°E longitude. Thus India occupies a central position in the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean is truely Indian.
(ii) The Deccan peninsula projects itself in the centre of Indian Ocean, in between Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
(iii) No other country has such a large coastline along the Indian Ocean. That is why it is named after the country of India.
(iv) India lies on the trade routes of Europe and the far east passing through Indian Ocean.
(v) India occupies a centrally located strategic position in the eastern hemisphere. India is by far the most dominant country surrounding the Indian Ocean.

Q.25. Write a note on National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) an Ganga Action Plan (GAP).

The activities of Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-I, initiated in 1985, were declared closed on 31st March 2000. The steering Committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the GAP and necessary correction of the basis of leassons learnt and experiences gained from GAP PhaseI. These have been applied to the major polluted rivers of the country under the NRCP.
The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-II, has been merged with the NRCP. The expanded NRCP now covers 152 towns located along 27 interstate rivers in 16 states. Under this action plan, pollution abatement works are being taken up in 57 towns. A total of 215 schemes of pollution abatement have been sanctioned.
So far, 69 schemes have completed under this action plan. A million litre of sewage is targeted to be intercepted diverted and treated.

Q.26. Define an Earthquake. Describe the distribution of Earthquakes in India.

An Earthquake is a sudden movement of the crust of the earth. It is a sudden shaking of the crust which results in tremorser vibrations. The Earthquake proceeds in the form of waves in all directions from the origin or focus. There are three types of waves ‘P’ waves, ‘S’ waves and ‘L’ waves.
The general causes of Earthquakes are volcanic eruptions, Tectonic causes, elasticity of rocks and Local causes. But now-a-days, earthquakes are related to tectonic water. In India, the Indian plate and Eurasian plate collide with each other. These plates underthrust each other. In Himalayan Earthquakes are related to folds and faults, but in the rigid Deccan shield Earthquakes are not common. The intensity of earthquakes is measured by a scale devised by C.F.
Richter in 1935. It has nine divisions from 1 to 9. Major earthquakes of higher intensity are destructive. The following zones are seismological zones of India :—
1. The Himalayan Zone : It is a zone of active Earthquakes. The state of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand, and North-Eastern states suffer great losses due to Earthquakes. These Earthquakes are due to the collision of Eurasian plate and Indian plate (which is pushing in the North and North-East direction at an annual rate of 5 cms.) These areas  suffered Earthquakes in 1828 in Kashmir, in 1936 in Quetta, in 1905 at Kangra and in 1950 in Assam.
2. The Indo-Gangetic Zone : This zone has moderate intensity Earthquakes with 6 to 6.5 on Richter Scale. But these Earthquakes are very harmful as it is a densely populated area.
3. The Peninsular Zone : The Peninsular Region is a stable and rigid zone. But despite its stable rocks, serious Earthquakes occurred in Koyna (1967), Latur (1993) and Bhuj (2001). Koyna Earthquake occurred due to excessive Hydraulic pressure in the reservoir formed by Koyna Dam. But recent Earthquakes are result of Northward drift of Indian plate.
Some other important Seismic zones are :
(a) North-eastern India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Shillong)
(b) Bihar-Nepal Zone
(c) North-Western Himalayas
(d) Gujarat Region
(e) Koyna Region.

Q.27. Locate and label the following on the political outline map of India :
A. An out-migrating state
B. Leading state of jowar production in India
C. Koraput bauxite mine
D. Bhilai (Iron and Steel Plant)
E. An international airport in Karnataka state

Q.28. Study the given world map and identify the features marked as A, B, C, D and E. Also write their correct name on the map : 
A. A country where commercial livestock rearing is practiced
B. Silicon Valley area
C. A major seaport in Europe
D. A terminal station of Trans-Siberian Railway.
E. An international airport