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History of Indian Constitution (Part - 2) Video Lecture | Sociology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts

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1. What is the significance of the preamble in the Indian Constitution?
The preamble of the Indian Constitution serves as an introductory statement that highlights the ideals and objectives of the Constitution. It encapsulates the guiding principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It also expresses the aspirations of the people of India to secure social, economic, and political justice. The preamble is considered an integral part of the Constitution and has been relied upon by the courts to interpret the Constitution's provisions.
2. How was the Indian Constitution framed and adopted?
The Indian Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly of India, which was elected by the provincial legislatures. The Assembly was tasked with drafting a constitution for independent India. The drafting process began in December 1946 and concluded on November 26, 1949, when the final draft was adopted. The Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, marking the day India became a republic.
3. What are the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution guarantees several fundamental rights to its citizens. These include the right to equality, right to freedom of speech and expression, right to protection of life and personal liberty, right to freedom of religion, right to education, and right to constitutional remedies. These fundamental rights are essential for the overall development and well-being of individuals and are enforceable by the courts.
4. How does the Indian Constitution ensure the separation of powers?
The Indian Constitution adopts the principle of separation of powers by dividing powers among three branches of government: the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. The legislature makes laws, the executive implements laws, and the judiciary interprets laws and resolves disputes. The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary, an elected legislature, and a president as the head of the executive. This system of checks and balances ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful.
5. What is the amendment procedure for the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution provides for a detailed amendment procedure to ensure its flexibility and adaptability. Amendments can be made through a two-step process. First, a bill must be passed by a special majority in both houses of Parliament. Second, the bill must be ratified by at least half of the state legislatures. Certain provisions of the Constitution, such as those related to the federal structure, require the consent of a majority of the states' legislatures in addition to the special majority in Parliament.
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