Important Questions & Answers: Psychological Disorders - 2 | Psychology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Very Short Answer Questions

Q1: Can overthinking cause brain damage?
Ans: It impacts your brain. Cortisol can damage and kill brain cells within the hippocampus. Chronic over thinking may also alter brain functions by changing its structure and connectivity.

Q2: Is there a disorder for anger?
Ans: Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) may be a mental state condition marked by frequent impulsive anger outbursts or aggression.

Q3: Is anxiety genetic?
Ans: Most researchers conclude that anxiety is genetic but can even be influenced by environmental factors. 

Q4 what's the foremost serious personality disorder?
Ans: The findings: The odd/eccentric cluster includes people with paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personalities. These are the foremost severe forms of personality disorders.

Q5: What psychopathy are genetic?
Ans: Autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotional disturbance, major depression and schizophrenia.

Q6: Do personality disorders go away?
Ans: No, they sometimes don't depart without treatment. Psychologists are finding new approaches to treating these notoriously hard-to-treat disorders.

Q7: At what age do mental disorders appear?
Ans: Half of mental state begins by age 14, and three-quarters begin by age 24.

Q8: Which hormone is liable for depression?
Ans: Neurotransmitters within the brain-specifically serotonin, dopamine, or norepinephrine-affect feelings of happiness and pleasure and should be out of balance in people with depression.

Q9: How does one know if stress is killing you?
Ans: Excessive anger, negative emotional states and prolonged depression cause high stress levels that can cause death.

Q10: Can your body finish off from stress?
Ans: When the body cannot handle emotional overload, it simply begins to clean up, which is commonly manifested by a way of utmost tiredness and fatigue.

Q11: Which disease is caused by overthinking?
Ans: Illness mental disorder, sometimes called hypochondriasis or health anxiety, is worrying excessively that you just are or may become seriously ill. You’ll haven't any physical symptoms.

Q12: What can trigger schizophrenia?
Ans: Some people could also be vulnerable to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode.

Q13: What chemical within the brain causes anxiety?
Ans: Epinephrine/Norepinephrine Norepinephrine is answerable for many of the symptoms of hysteria.

Q14: Is anxiety a disability?
Ans: Anxiety disorders, like OCD, panic disorders, phobias or PTSD are considered a disability.

Q15: Is anxiety a mental illness?
Ans: Anxiety disorders are the foremost common of mental disorders and affect nearly 30% of adults at some point in their lives.

Short Answer Questions

Q16: Can psychosis cause death?
Ans: Psychosis are often very serious, no matter what's causing the symptoms, the simplest outcomes result from immediate treatment, and when not treated psychosis can result in illness, injuries, legal and financial difficulties, and even death.

Q17: what’s the foremost common disorder?
Ans: The foremost common are anxiety disorders major depression and emotional disorder, in step with the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, this disorder is extremely treatable, but only around 37 percent of these affected actually receive treatment, it's common to be diagnosed with both anxiety and depression.

Q18: What’s the foremost serious mental disorder?
Ans: Serious mental state includes schizophrenia; the subset of major depression called "severe, major depression"; the subset of manic depressive illness classified as "severe” and some other disorders. Therefore, total "severe" psychopathy in adults by diagnosis: 5.3% of the population without accounting for overlap.

Q19: What are the 4 sorts of anxiety disorders?
Ans: The five major forms of anxiety disorders are: 

• Generalized folie
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 
• Anxiety disorder
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 
• Phobic disorder (or Social Anxiety Disorder)

Q20: What’s the simplest psychopathy to treat?
Ans: Folie is that the most treatable of all mental illnesses, mental disorder produces unrealistic fears, excessive worry, flashbacks from past trauma resulting in easy startling, changes in sleep patterns, intense tension and ritualistic behavior.

Q21: What are the 7 sorts of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Ans: Seven varieties of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are 

• Aggressive or sexual thoughts 
• Sin, religion, and morality 
• Doubt and incompleteness 
• Harm to loved ones 
• Self-control 
• Order and symmetry 
• Germs and contamination.

Q22: What triggers OCD?
Ans: Ongoing anxiety or stress, or being a part of a stressful event sort of a car accident or starting a brand new job, could trigger OCD or make it worse. Pregnancy or organic process can sometimes trigger perinatal OCD.

Q23: What triggers OCD in an exceedingly child?
Ans: We do know that it is common for kids to develop OCD if relations have a history of anxiety or if children are through a stressful or traumatic event. And in some rare instances, children develop OCD symptoms after a streptococcal infection (a bacteria which will cause throat infections).

Q24: what's overthinking disorder called?
Ans: If so, you'll have a sort of tension disorder called generalized folie (GAD). GAD can make existence desire a continuing state of worry, fear, and dread. The nice news is GAD is treatable. Learn more about the symptoms of GAD and the way to seek out help.

Q25: What’s the rarest anxiety disorder?
Ans: Illness mental disturbance (hypochondria) is extremely rare. It affects about 0.1% of USA citizens. It typically appears during early adulthood. Illness psychological disorder can affect all ages and genders.

Q26: Which disturbance is hardest to treat?
Ans: Cluster B mental disturbances include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, personality disorder, and histrionic disturbance. These tend to be the smallest amount common disorders but are often the foremost challenging to treat.

Q27: What number disorders can someone have?
Ans: Technically, in keeping with DSM-5*, someone can receive over one folie diagnosis, people that are diagnosed with a disturbance most frequently qualify for over one diagnosis, someone with a severe folie might meet the standards for four, five or perhaps more disorders.

Q28: Does everyone have a mental disorder?
Ans: The World Health Organization famously says, "There is not any health without mental state.” within the course of a lifetime, not all people will experience a mental disease, but everyone will struggle or have a challenge with their mental well-being (i.e., their mental health) a bit like we all have challenges with our physical well-being from time to time.

Q29: What’s the disorder of reproof yourself?
Ans: Some people with schizophrenia appear to speak to themselves as they answer the voices. People with schizophrenia believe that the hallucinations are real. Disordered thoughts. Thoughts may become jumbled or blocked.

Q30: What’s extreme anxiety disorder?
Ans: Disturbance thanks to a medical condition includes symptoms of intense anxiety or panic that are directly caused by a physical pathological state. Generalized disturbance includes persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about activities or events — even ordinary, routine issues.

Long Answer Questions

Q31: What are the 15 major psychological disorders? 
Ans: Psychological state could be a general term for a gaggle of illnesses which will include symptoms which will affect a person’s thinking, perceptions, mood or behaviour, mental state can make it difficult for somebody to deal with work, relationships and other demands, the connection between stress and psychological state is complex, but it's known that stress can worsen an episode of mental disease. The majority can manage their mental disease with medication, counselling or both. This page lists a number of the more common mental state issues and mental illnesses.

• Anxiety disorders 
• Behavioural and emotional disorders in children 
• Bipolar mental disturbance 
• Depression 
• Dissociation and dissociative disorders
• Eating disorders 
• Obsessive compulsive disorder 
• Paranoia 
• Post-traumatic stress disorder 
• Psychosis Schizophrenia and Phobias 
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 
• Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 
• Personality Disorders 

Q32: Explain abnormal behaviour from the attitude of socio-cultural model.
Ans: According to the socio-cultural model, abnormal behaviour is best understood in light of the social and cultural forces that influence a private. As behaviour is formed by societal forces, factors like family structure and communication, social networks, societal conditions, and societal labels and roles become more important. It has been found that certain family systems are likely to supply abnormal functioning in individual members and a few families have trapped structure where the members are over involved other's activities, thoughts and feelings.
Children from this sort of family may have difficulty in becoming independent in life. Studies have shown that individuals who are isolated and lack social support, i.e. strong and fulfilling interpersonal relationships in their lives are likely to become more depressed and remain depressed longer than those that have good friendships. Socio-cultural theorists also believe that abnormal functioning is influenced by the societal labels and roles assigned to distressed people. When people break the norms of their society, they're called deviant and "mentally ill". Such labels tend to stay in order that the person is also viewed as 'crazy' and encouraged to act sick. The person gradually learns to simply accept and play the sick role, and functions during a disturbed manner.

Q33: Explain the term dissociation. Discuss the varied styles of dissociation.
Ans: Dissociation is viewed as a severe connection between ideas and emotions. Dissociation involves feelings of unreality, estrangement, Depersonalisation, and sometimes a loss or shift of identity. Four conditions are included during this group: Dissociative amnesia This disorder is characterised by extensive but selective cognitive state that has no known organic cause (e.g., head injury). Some people cannot remember anything about their past. Others can now not recall specific events, people, places, or objects, while their memory for other events remains intact. This disorder is usually related to an awesome stress. Dissociative fugue This disorder has, as its essential feature, an unexpected travel far from home and workplace, the idea of a replacement identity, and also the inability to recall the previous identity. The fugue usually ends when the person suddenly 'wakes up' with no memory of the events that occurred during the fugue. Dissociative identity disorder This disorder often said as split personality, is that the most dramatic of the dissociative disorders, it's often related to traumatic experiences in childhood. In this disorder, the person assumes alternate personalities which will or might not remember of eveiy other. Depersonalisation This disorder involves a dreamlike state within which the person incorporates a sense of being separated both from self and from reality. In Depersonalisation, there's a change of self-perception, and therefore the person’s sense of reality is temporarily lost or changed.

Q34: Describe any three behavioural disorders prevalent among children.
Ans: The foremost important three behavioural disorders among children are Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder.

• Hyperactivity Disorder: The 2 main features of ADHD are Inattention and Hyperactivity.
• Inattention: Children who are inattentive find it difficult to sustain mental effort during work or play. They have a tough time keeping their minds on anybody thing or in following instructions. Common complaints are that the kid doesn't listen, cannot concentrate, doesn't follow instructions, is disorganised, easily distracted, forgetful, doesn’t finish assignments, and is quick to lose interest in what he and she or he feels to be boring activities.
• Hyperactivity: Children showing hyperactivity are unable to regulate their reactions or think before they act. they’re impulsive and find it impossible to sit down still through a category. Minor mishaps like knocking things over or major mishaps like serious injury because of accident may occur. They may fidget, squirm, climb, or romp aimlessly and talk incessantly. They are described as "driven by motor" and "always on the go” by their parents and teachers. Boys are fourfold more likely to lean this diagnosis than girls.
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder: With Oppositional Defiant Disorder, they show age-inappropriate amount of stubbornness, they're irritable, defiant, disobedient and behave in a very hostile manner. Conduct Disordi It refers to age inappropriate actions and attitudes that violate family expectations, societal norms and also the personal or property rights of others. The behaviours typical of conduct disorder include aggressive actions that cause or threaten harm to people or animals, non-aggressive conduct that causes property damage, major deceitfulness or theft and high rule violations.

Q35: While speaking publicly, the patient changes topics frequently, is that this a positive or a negative symptom of schizophrenia? Describe the opposite symptoms and sub-types of schizophrenia.
Ans: While speaking publically, the patient changes topics frequently, this can bean indication of derailment, this is often one in every of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia; is that the descriptive term to a gaggle of psychotic disorders within which personal, social and occupational functioning deteriorate as a results of disturbed thought processes, strong perceptions, unusual emotional states, and motor abnormalities. The social and psychological causes of schizophrenia are tremendous, both to patients yet on their families and society.

Symptoms of schizophrenia: Positive Symptoms—comprise excesses and supply reduction of distress within the patient. It comprises excesses of thought, emotion, and behavior. Negative Symptoms—deficits of thought, emotion and behavior.

Positive Symptoms of'Pathological Excesses:
Disorganized Thinking and Speech:- 

• People with schizophrenia might not be able to think logically, and will speak in peculiar ways. 
• Formal thought disorders can make communication extremely difficult. 
• It refers to problems within the organization of ideas and in speaking so a listener can understand. These include derailment, i.e., rapidly shifting from one topic to a different in order that the conventional structure of thinking becomes illogical (loosening of association, derailed). 
• Inventing new words, phrases, i.e., neologism and protracted and inappropriate repetition of the identical thoughts.

Delusion:- It's a misconception that's firmly hung on inadequate grounds. It's not littered with emotional argument, and has no basis in point of fact. 

• Delusion of Persecution belief that they're being plotted against, spied on, slandered, threatened, attacked or deliberately victimized. 
• Delusions of Reference: during which they attach special and private desiring to the actions of others or to things and event. They believe that they will read others mind. 
• Delusions of Grandeur people believe themselves to be specially empowered with supernatural powers.
• Delusions of Control: they believe that their feelings, thoughts and actions are controlled by others. 

Hallucinations:- Perceptions that occur within the absence of external stimuli. 

• Auditory hallucinations are most typical in schizophrenia. Patients hear sounds or voices that talk words, phrases and sentences on to the patients (second person hallucination) or visit each other touching on the patient as he/she (third person hallucination). 
• Tactile hallucinations (i.e., styles of tingling, burning). 
• Somatic hallucinations (i.e., something happening inside the body like a snake crawling inside one’s stomach) 
• Visual hallucinations (i.e., vague perceptions of color or distinct visions of individuals or objects). 
• Gustatory hallucinations (i.e., food or drink taste strange). 

Inappropriate Effect, i.e., emotions that are unsuited to true. Negative symptoms are 'pathological deficits’ 

• Alogia—poverty of speech, i.e., a discount in speech and speech content. 
• Blunted effect—reduced expression of emotions. 
• Flat effect—no expression of emotions. 
• Avolition—social withdrawal.

Psychomotor Symptoms:-

• Schizophrenics move less spontaneously or make odd gestures. These symptoms may take extreme forms called catatonia. 
• Catatonic stripor: motionless and silent for long stretches of your time. 
• Catatonic rigidity: maintaining a rigid, upright posture for hours. 
• Catatonic posturing: assuming awkward, bizarre positions for long periods.

Q36: Explain the factors which predispose a private to depression and write the 2 main features of ADHD.
Ans6: Genetic make-up, or heredity is a crucial risk factor for major depression and bipolar disorders. Age is additionally a risk factor, as an example, women are particularly in danger during young adulthood, while for men the danger is highest in early time of life. Similarly gender also plays a good role during this differential risk addition, as an example, women as compared to men are more likely to report a depression. Other risk factors are experiencing negative life events and lack of social support. 

Two main features of ADHD: 

• Inattention: Children who are inattentive find it difficult to sustain mental effort during work or play. They have a tough time keeping their minds on anyone thing or in following instructions. Common complaints are that the kid doesn't listen, cannot concentrate, doesn't follow instructions, is disorganised, easily distracted, forgetful, doesn't finish assignments, and is quick to lose interest in boring activities.
• Hyperactivity: Children showing hyperactivity are unable to manage their reaction or think before they act. They are impulsive and find it impossible to take a seat still through a category. Minor mishaps like knocking things over or major mishaps like serious injury thanks to accident may occur. They may fidget, squirm, climb, or play aimlessly and talk incessantly. They are described as "driven by motor" and "always on the go" by their parents and teachers. Boys are fourfold more likely to tend this diagnosis than girls.

Q37: What are the signs that somebody is also thinking of suicide? What are some unique suicide risk factors in older adult? State two symptoms of Suicide which might be prevented if one is responsive to.
Ans: Withdrawing from social contact and eager to be left alone. Having mood swings, like being emotionally high in some unspecified time in the future and deeply discouraged the following. Being preoccupied with death, dying or violence. Feeling trapped or hopeless a few situations.
Some unique suicide risk factors in older adult: Depression, Prior suicide attempts, marked feelings of hopelessness, lack of interest in future plans, Feelings of loss of independence or sense of purpose, Medical conditions that significantly limit functioning or lifespan, Impulsivity thanks to cognitive impairment and Social isolation.
Suicide is prevented by being tuned in to a number of the symptoms which include: changes in eating and sleeping habits, withdrawal from friends, family and regular activities, violent actions, rebellious behaviour, feat, drug and substance abuse, marked personality change, persistent boredom, difficulty in concentration, complaints about physical symptoms, and loss of interest in pleasurable activities.