Important Questions & Answers: The Constitution and Social Change - 1 | Sociology Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q.1. Which type of state in India?

India is a welfare state whose main aim is to work for the welfare of the people.

Q.2. What is a State?

The state is that group in which different legislative institutions running in that society, are known by their name and has a definite territory in which it has complete right to use the physical aspect of power.

Q.3. What is the main aim of the Five Year Plans?

The main aim of the Five Year Plans is to carry out all-round development of the country and give money to the states according to their expenditure for development works. It leads to the social and economic development of the country.

Q.4. Which type of role is played by the welfare state?

The welfare state plays an important role in the welfare of the people of the country. It works for the economic development of weaker sections and backward classes of the country. It makes laws for women and children so that no one gets exploited.

Q.5. What is Social Planning?

Social Planning is that system or method with the help of which steps are taken for the solution of different types of social and cultural problems of the society.

Q.6. What is the need for Social Planning in our country?

People of many religions and castes live in our country. Social planning is very much necessary to bring them closer to each other and to solve those problems which arise from their conflict of interests.

Q.7. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution?

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.

Q.8. What is the difference between State and Government?

The state is permanent and no one can overturn it whereas government is temporary which comes into power only for five years. There are certain objectives of the state and the government is a means to achieve those objectives.

Q.9. State the three levels of Panchayati Raj.

Panchayati Raj has three levels:

• Panchayat at the village level
• Panchayat Samiti at the block level
• Zila Parishad at the district level.

Q.10. Who makes laws for the country?

Parliament makes laws for the country and State Legislative assembly makes laws for the state.

Q.11. Which problems were there in the ancient Panchayati Raj System?

• There was a lack of regular elections.
• Panchayats had no financial means.
• People had no interest in these institutions.
• These institutions were under the complete control of government officials.

Q.12. What is Gram Sabha?

Gram Sabha is formed at the village level and is the base of Panchayati Raj. All the adult males and females of the village are the members of Gram Sabha and these people or members of Gram Sabha from the Panchayat.

Q.13. Give three means of income of Panchayat Samiti.

• Grants are given by the government.
• Income from fairs arranged by it.
• Income from markets arranged by it in its area.

Q.14. State two means of income of Zila Parishad.

• Grants are given by the government.
• Income from its property.
• A portion of taxes collected from its area.

Q.15. Give any three functions of Panchayati Raj institutions.

• Arrangement of clean drinking water and electricity.
• Development of poultry, piggery, fishing in its area.
• Arrangement of roads, bridges, etc., in its area.

Q.16. How many members of Gram Panchayat are there?

There is no definite number of members of Gram Panchayat. Their number is different in different states. For example, the number of members of Gram Panchayat is from 6 to 20 in Haryana.

Q.17. Who implements plannings made by Panchayat Samiti?

Plannings of Panchayat Samiti are implemented by the Block Development Officer.

Q.18. What is Liberalisation?

Removing certain restrictions from a controlled economy is known as liberalization. This makes the economy more competitive, open, and progressive.

Q.19. What is meant by Fundamental rights?

Indian citizens are provided with certain basic rights by the Constitution and these rights are known as fundamental rights. These rights are a must for a person to live a better life which is why they are known as fundamental rights.

Q.20. What is the Right to Constitutional Remedies?

Every citizen has the right to go directly to the Supreme Court for the protection and application of his fundamental rights. If anyone thinks that either the government or anyone else is taking away his fundamental rights then he can go to the court to protect the same. It is known as the Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Q.21. What is a Constitution?

The constitution is a legal book or document in which ways and systems to administer the country are written.

Q.22. Who becomes the chairman of the Planning Commission?

As per the Constitution of India, every Prime Minister of India becomes the Chairman of the Planning Commission.

Q.23. What is a welfare state?

A welfare state is a that state which takes the responsibility for the welfare of the citizens.

Q.24. What is Planning?

Planning is a system on the basis of which steps are being taken for the achievement of personal or social objectives.

Q.25. What is Economic Planning?

It is that plan or program in which steps are being taken for the development of an economic aspect of all the sectors like agriculture, business, communication, transport, etc.

Q.26. When did the Indian Constitution come into force?

The Indian Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950 when our country became a Republic.

Q.27. How many fundamental rights are given to the Indian citizens?

Six fundamental rights are provided to the citizens of India.

Q.28. What is meant by Panchayati Raj?

Panchayat means a group of paths or the association of five persons. The meaning of Panchayati Raj can be understood on the basis of the administration of five persons. It is also known as the local self-government.

Q.29. What is Law?

That system of rules which is implemented by the government on the citizens of the country is known as the law.

Q.30. When was Panchayati Raj System implemented in India?

Panchayati Raj System was implemented in India in 1959.

Q.31. How many types of laws are there?

Laws are of two types:

• Civil laws
• Criminal laws.

Q.32. Name three sources of income for Panchayats.
Or
What are the main sources of income for Panchayat? 
Or
What are the sources of revenue for panchayats? Give examples.

• Grants are given by the government.
• Income from the tax imposed on residents.
• Income from the land of Panchayat.

Q.33. Give four functions of Village Panchayat.

• Arrangement of clean and pure drinking water for the village.
• Building roads for the village.
• Arrangement of the cleanliness of the village.
• Arrangement of electricity for the village.

Q.34. Give two functions of Panchayat Samiti.

• Making plans for the development of its area and applying those plans.
• Checking the functioning of Panchayats falling in its jurisdiction.

Q.35. Give two functions of Zila Parishad.

• Checking the functions of all Panchayat Samitis falling in its area.
• Checking the developmental works of the area.

Q.36. What is the term of Gram Panchayat?

According to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, Gram Panchayat is elected for five years.

Q.37. How are the members and chairman of Gram Panchayat elected?

A direct election system exists in India to elect the representatives of the people. In this way, Panch and Sarpanchs are also directly elected by the people.

Q.38. What is the qualification to become a member of Gram Panchayat?

• A person should be not less than 21 years of age.
• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should not hold any office of profit and should not be declared bankrupt.

Q.39. What is Privatisation?

Socialist and democratic countries have a mixed economy. This type of economy has public enterprises that are under the direct control of the government. Sometimes, the government gives control of these public enterprises to private parties so that they can earn more and more profit. This process is known as privatization.

Q.40. Name the six fundamental rights provided to the Indian citizens.

• Right to Equality
• Right to Freedom
• Right against Exploitation
• Right to Religious Freedom
• Cultural and Educational Rights
• Right to Constitutional Remedies.

Q.41. What are Interest Groups?

These are organized or unorganized groups that try to influence government policies and promote its interests. They have some of the objectives and exert pressure on the government to achieve these objectives. They never contest the elections but always control the power indirectly.