Q1: Describe about Lithosphere.
Ans: Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc. Landforms are found over the continents and also on the ocean floors. Lithosphere is the domain that provides us forests, grasslands for grazing, land for agriculture and human settlements. It is also a source of mineral wealth.
Q2: How can the environment impact living beings?
Or
What impact does the environment can have on us?
Ans: All the living beings are directly associated with environment. If the environment is good, the living beings will be healthy. If the environment is polluted the living beings will be ill or unhealthy. In an unhealthy environment, many types of diseases can turn up in the human beings. These diseases may be as respiratory, abdominal, eye-related and some may be as chronic. Likewise, in the plants also grow many diseases due to the unhealthy environment. And hence, the photosynthesis process in the plants becomes slow which results in restricting the growth and functioning of plants.
Q3: How have human beings adapted to the environment to fulfil their needs?
Ans: Human beings from the early times have been interacting with the environment and modifying it according to their needs. Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. They led a simple life and fulfilled their requirements from the nature around them. But their needs kept on increasing. They became varied also. To fulfil these varied needs, humans learnt to grow crops, tamed animals and began a settled life. The wheel was invented, surplus food was produced, barter system emerged, trade started and commerce developed. Industrial revolution made possible large scale production. By and by transportation became faster. Information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world. In this way human beings adapted to the environment in order to fulfil their needs.
Q4: Give an account of atmosphere.
Ans: Atmosphere is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth. It is made up of various gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxids, dust particles and water vapour. The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us from harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. The changes in atmosphere produce changes in the weather and climate.
Q5: What do you understand by the term ‘Lithosphere*? Describe in brief.
Ans: Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. Lithosphere is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc. Lithosphere is the domain that provides us forests, grasslands, agricultural land and human settlements. It is also a source of mineral wealth.
Q6: What do you understand about Barter System?
Ans: It is a trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money. In this system, the goods are exchanged with the goods or you can say that goods are exchanged between the two needy people.
Q7: Describe the various causes which affect our environment.
Ans: Human activities on earth affect whole environment. The causes which affect our environment can be listed as follows:
- Industries and means of transports which release smoke;
- Use of fertilizers and pesticides;
- Un-cleaned surrounding;
- Polluted water and air;
- Unsettled domestic as well as electronic garbage etc.
Q8: Describe briefly about environment.
Ans: Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat and the land where we live. The place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism is called the environment.
It is a combination of natural and human-made phenomena. While the natural environment refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions existing on earth, human environment reveals the activities, creations and interactions among human being. There are three components of environment:- Natural, Human-made and Human.
Q9: How does human being use environment to fulfil their needs?
Ans: Human beings interact with the environment and modify it according to their needs. Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. They led a simple life and fulfilled their requirements from the nature around them. Human learnt new ways to use and change environment as times and need grew and became more varied.
They learnt to grow crops, domesticate animals and lead a settled life. The wheel was invented, surplus food was produced, barter system emerged, trade started and commerce developed. Industrial revolution enabled large scale production. Transportation became faster. Information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world.
Q10: Give an account of various domains of the environment.
Ans: Various domains of the environment are:
- Lithosphere
- Atmosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Biosphere
- It is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It provides us forests, grasslands and land. It is a source of mineral wealth.
- It is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth. The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us from harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. It consists of various gases, dust and water vapour.
- It refers to various water bodies such as rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, etc. that exist on the earth.
- Biosphere or the living world is comprised of plant and animal kingdom. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.
Q11: Write a note on lithosphere. [Imp.]
Ans: Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals. It is covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, desert, plains, valleys etc. Lithosphere plays an important role in our life. It provides us forests, grassland for grazing , land for agriculture and human settlements. It is also a treasure of various minerals.
Q12: How do human beings modify natural environment? [V. Imp.].
Ans: The needs of human beings are increasing day and day. Hence, they modify natural environment to fulfil these needs. Sometimes they even destroy their environment
Human beings have made cars for their convenience. These cars release fumeswhich pollute the air. They have established factories on land. These factoriesmanufacture various items such as containers. This is how they modify naturalenvironment.
Q13: What is gravitational force?
Ans: The gravitational force holds the atmosphere around the earth. It protects us from the harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. It consist of a number of gases, dust and water vapour.
Q14: What do you mean by the atmosphere? Describe in brief.
Ans: The atmosphere is the thin layer of air that surrounds the earth. The gravitational force of the earth holds the atmosphere around it. It protects us from the harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun. It consists of a number of gases, dust and water vapour. The changes in the atmosphere produce changes in the weather and climate.
Q15: Why was the environment quite well during the early period?
Ans: There were very limited needs of early men. There were no industries, transport or other means which could produce harmful gases. The early man did not have the use of chemical products such as pesticides and fertilizers etc. The quantum of garbage was very limited. All these things affect the environment and thus in the early period our environment was quite well.
