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Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 PDF Download

 Protocols establish how two computers send and receive a message. Data packets travel between source and destination from one router to the next. The process of exchanging data packets is known as packet switching.
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 When two devices send messages to each other it is called handshaking - the client requests access, the server grants it, and the protocols are agreed. Once the handshaking process is complete, the data transfer can begin.
 Protocols manage key points about a message:

  • speed of transmission
  • size of the message
  • error checking
  • deciding if the transmission is synchronous or asynchronous

 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): TCP/IP (also known as the internet protocol suite) is the set of protocols used over the internet. It organises how data packets are communicated and makes sure packets have the following information:  source - which computer the message came from,  destination - where the message should go,  packet sequence - the order in which the message data should be re-assembled,  data - the data of the message,  error check - the check to see that the message has been sent correctly.Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 FTP: FTP is used to transfer large files. It is often used for organising files on a web server for a website. You can have private access to an area on an FTP server where you can upload your files. You can then give another user access to download the documents that you have shared.
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 SFTP: It is the secure version of File Transfer Protocol (FTP).Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 HTTP: HTTP transfers web pages from web servers to the client. All web page addresses start with http. An https address is a secure web address which has been encrypted. An https address is used for sites holding bank details and secure information.
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 HTTP is a communication protocol. It defines mechanism for communication between browser and the web server. It is also called request and response protocol because the communication between browser and server takes place in request and response pairs.
 SMTP and POP3

  • Email uses these protocols to communicate with mail servers. SMTP is used to send the email; POP is used to receive email. Most email clients allow for transfers of up to 10 MB.
  • SMTP is a standard electronic-mail protocol that handles the sending of mail from one SMTP to another SMTP server. To accomplish the transport, the SMTP server has its own MX (mail exchanger) record in the DNS database that corresponds to the domain for which it is configured to receive mail.

Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10

 TELNET: Short for Telecommunication Network, a virtual terminal protocol allowing a user logged on to one TCP/IP host to access other hosts on the network. Many people use remote control applications to access computers at their workplace from outside the network. In remote control, a session appears in which the user is able to manage the files on the remote computer, although the session appears to be functioning locally.
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 SSH (Secure Shell) is a program for logging in to and executing commands on a remote machine. It provides secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 Secure copy (SCP) is a file transfer protocol, which helps in transferring computer files securely from a local host to a remote host. It works on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol technique.
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10 VoIP: VoIP is a set of protocols that enables people to have voice conversations over the internet.
Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes | Computer Application: Class 10

Know the Terms

 TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
 SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
 POP3: Post Office Protocol 3
 HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
 HTTPS: HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure
 FTP: File Transfer Protocol
 TELNET: Telecommunications Network
 SFTP: Secure File Transfer Protocol
➢ PPP: Point to Point Protocol

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FAQs on Internet Protocol: Chapter Notes - Computer Application: Class 10

1. What is Internet Protocol and why is it important?
Ans. Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules that governs how data is transmitted over the internet. It provides a unique address to each device connected to the internet, allowing them to communicate with each other. IP is important because it enables the routing and delivery of data packets, ensuring that information reaches its intended destination accurately and efficiently.
2. How does Internet Protocol work?
Ans. Internet Protocol works by breaking data into smaller packets, adding source and destination IP addresses to each packet, and then routing them through the internet. When a device sends a data packet, it is divided into smaller chunks, each with a header containing the necessary information for routing. These packets are then transmitted independently through different routes and reassembled at the destination device.
3. What are the different versions of Internet Protocol?
Ans. The two main versions of Internet Protocol are IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6). IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and supports approximately 4.3 billion unique IP addresses. On the other hand, IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and can support a significantly larger number of unique IP addresses, ensuring the availability of addresses for future growth of the internet.
4. What are the advantages of using Internet Protocol?
Ans. Some advantages of using Internet Protocol include: - Scalability: IP allows for the expansion of the internet by providing a large number of unique addresses. - Compatibility: IP is compatible with various types of networks and devices, promoting interoperability. - Routing Efficiency: IP enables efficient routing of data packets, ensuring reliable and fast transmission. - Flexibility: IP can support different types of data transmission, including voice, video, and text. - Global Connectivity: IP facilitates global connectivity, allowing devices from different parts of the world to communicate with each other.
5. What are some challenges faced by Internet Protocol?
Ans. Some challenges faced by Internet Protocol include: - IP Address Exhaustion: With the increasing number of devices connected to the internet, the available pool of IPv4 addresses is depleting. This has led to the adoption of IPv6 to address the issue. - Security Concerns: IP-based networks are vulnerable to various security threats, such as hacking and data breaches. Additional measures, such as firewalls and encryption, are required to ensure secure communication. - Quality of Service: As data traffic continues to grow, ensuring consistent and high-quality service becomes a challenge. IP-based networks need to prioritize certain types of traffic to maintain optimal performance.
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