Introduction To Dairy Technology - Multi Skill Foundation - Class 10

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SESSION 4: INTRODUCTION TO DAIRY 
TECHNOLOGY (ARTIFICIAL 
INSEMINATION) 
 
In the animal breeding, many natural insemination methods are available. But 
artificial insemination method is the most modern method. In artificial 
insemination method, direct contact between cow and bull is avoided and 
breeding is done using modern technology. In this method, the semen artificially 
collected from the bull is deposited into the reproductive tract of the cow at the 
right time, as it is or after specific processing, using technical methods. Artificial 
insemination method is useful for the overall improvement of the cattle. In this 
chapter, we are going to take detailed information about artificial insemination in 
cows and buffaloes. 
 
Objectives: - 
· To understand the concept of artificial insemination 
· Get information about various hybrid breeds 
· To study actual methods of artificial insemination 
Artificial insemination: - 
India ranks first in the world in terms of number of milk cattle. But out of total 
milk production in the world, only 6% milk is produced in India and in per capita 
production India ranks 94
th
 in the world. Our native cow gives 100 to 300 litres of 
milk in a year. For increasing milk production, 
we need to improve quality of cows. To make 
improved cow using the traditional method 
(genetical method) we will need a span of 70 to 
80 years. After so many years, the milk 
production from this improved cow will be of 
only 600 litres. So, the fast and easy way to 
increase milk production in India is artificial 
cross breeding. Compare native and hybrid cows 
given below.  
Fig 18 - Artificial insemination 
 Native cow  Hybrid cow 
First brood After40-42 months After20-22 months 
Lactation period 150-180 days 240-300 days 
Next brood After 6-8 months After 3-4 months 
Dry period 7-8 months 2-4 months 
Duration between two broods 18-20 months 13-15 months 
Average milk 3 litres per day 8 litres per day 
Total milk 540 litres 24000 litres 
Growth of calves 200-300 gms daily 500-700 gms daily 
By studying the above chart, we understand that we need to decrease number of 
unwanted cattle and increase cattle of good quality. For that, cross breeding of 
cattle is a good solution. Those who have native cows, should cross breed the