Introduction to Acids, Bases and Salts Video Lecture - Class 10

Ans. Acids and bases are two types of chemical substances with distinct properties. Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, whereas bases are substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. Acids usually have a sour taste, react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, turn blue litmus paper red, and have a pH value less than 7. On the other hand, bases typically have a bitter taste, feel slippery to the touch, turn red litmus paper blue, and have a pH value greater than 7.

Ans. Acids and bases can be classified into different categories based on their strength and concentration. Acids are classified as either strong acids or weak acids. Strong acids completely dissociate in water and release a high concentration of hydrogen ions, while weak acids only partially dissociate and release a lower concentration of hydrogen ions. Similarly, bases are classified as strong bases or weak bases. Strong bases fully dissociate in water and release a high concentration of hydroxide ions, whereas weak bases only partially dissociate and release a lower concentration of hydroxide ions.

Ans. Acids, bases, and salts have numerous applications in various industries and everyday life. Some common uses of acids include: - Sulfuric acid: Used in the production of fertilizers, dyes, detergents, and batteries. - Hydrochloric acid: Used in the food industry for food processing and as a cleaning agent. - Citric acid: Used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages. Some common uses of bases include: - Sodium hydroxide: Used in the production of soaps, detergents, and paper. - Ammonia: Used as a cleaning agent and in the production of fertilizers. - Calcium hydroxide: Used in agriculture to neutralize acidic soils. Salts also have numerous applications, such as: - Sodium chloride (table salt): Used as a seasoning in food. - Calcium carbonate: Used as an antacid to relieve heartburn. - Potassium iodide: Added to table salt to prevent iodine deficiency.

Ans. There are several methods to test whether a substance is an acid or a base. Here are two common methods: - Litmus paper test: Dip a strip of red litmus paper into the substance. If it turns blue, the substance is a base. If it remains red or turns blue litmus paper red, the substance is an acid. - Phenolphthalein test: Add a few drops of phenolphthalein solution to the substance. If it turns pink, the substance is a base. If it remains colorless, the substance is an acid.

Ans. Acids and bases can undergo a chemical reaction called neutralization. When an acid reacts with a base, they neutralize each other, forming a salt and water. The reaction is represented by the general equation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O) are formed: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat. Additionally, the pH of the resulting solution after neutralization will be close to 7, indicating it is neutral.