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Long Answer Questions: Sectors of the Indian Economy - Social Studies (SST) Class 10

Q1. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

Long Answer Questions: Sectors of the Indian Economy | Social Studies (SST) Class 10

Public Sector Organisations in India

Construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams, health, education etc. are a few examples of public sector activities Government has taken up these activities because these activities require a huge amount of investment which is beyond the capacity of the private sector and several things needed by the society as a whole which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost. Even if they do provide these things, they would charge a high rate for their use.m, Let us further understand this with the help of an example. Selling electricity at a price which covers the full cost of generation may push up the cost of production in industries. Many units, especially small scale units, might have to shut down. The government here steps in by producing and supplying electricity at rates which these industries can afford. So the government has to bear a part of the cost.


Q2. Distinguish between primary sector and secondary sector by stating four points of distinction.

Primary Sector

Secondary Sector

(i) Primary sector includes all agricultural and allied activities, e.g., forestry, fishing mining, quarrying etc.

This sector is also known as the manufacturing sector.

(ii) It produces goods by exploiting natural resources such as land, water, forests, mines etc. 

The manufacturing sector converts one type of commodity into another.
For example - manufacturing of cotton cloth from cotton yarn, sugar from sugarcane etc.

(iii) Farmers buy many goods such as tractors. fertilisers, equipment etc. from the secondary sector. Thus, it shows the dependence of the primary sector on the secondary sector.

Similarly, the manufacturing sector needs raw materials such as cotton yarn to produce cotton, sugarcane to produce sugar, wood for furniture etc. This shows the dependence of the secondary sector on the primary sector.

(iv) Agriculture, a part of the primary sector, is the largest sector in terms of the workforce it employs and plays the most important role.

Manufacturing is one of the important components of the secondary sector.


The document Long Answer Questions: Sectors of the Indian Economy | Social Studies (SST) Class 10 is a part of the Class 10 Course Social Studies (SST) Class 10.
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FAQs on Long Answer Questions: Sectors of the Indian Economy - Social Studies (SST) Class 10

1. What are the different sectors of the Indian economy?
Ans. The different sectors of the Indian economy are primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector. The primary sector includes activities related to agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry. The secondary sector comprises manufacturing and construction activities, while the tertiary sector includes services such as banking, education, healthcare, tourism, and transportation.
2. What is the significance of the primary sector in the Indian economy?
Ans. The primary sector holds great significance in the Indian economy as it employs the largest number of people. Agriculture, which is a part of the primary sector, is the main source of livelihood for a majority of the Indian population. The sector also contributes to the country's GDP and provides raw materials for various industries.
3. How does the secondary sector contribute to the Indian economy?
Ans. The secondary sector plays a crucial role in the Indian economy by transforming raw materials into finished goods. It includes manufacturing industries such as textile, automobile, steel, and electronics. The sector contributes to economic growth, employment generation, and export earnings. Additionally, it provides a platform for technological advancements and skill development.
4. What are the challenges faced by the tertiary sector in India?
Ans. The tertiary sector in India faces several challenges. One of the major challenges is the lack of skilled workforce, especially in the services sector. Another challenge is the inadequate infrastructure, which affects the smooth functioning of services like transportation and communication. Additionally, the sector is vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy and faces competition from other countries.
5. How does the Indian government promote the growth of different sectors of the economy?
Ans. The Indian government promotes the growth of different sectors of the economy through various policies and initiatives. For the primary sector, it provides subsidies, loans, and technical assistance to farmers. In the secondary sector, the government offers incentives for setting up industries, promotes foreign direct investment, and simplifies the regulatory framework. In the tertiary sector, it focuses on promoting skill development, improving infrastructure, and creating an enabling environment for service providers.
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