Matter in Our Surroundings - I Video Lecture | Science Class 9

0:0:0: do you ever wonder what makes up
0:0:2: everything around us
0:0:4: is it unicorn magic pixie dust or
0:0:7: something else entirely
0:0:9: you know the stuff we use every day like
0:0:12: pencils tables the food you eat your
0:0:15: clothes your phone and even your
0:0:17: annoying siblings
0:0:19: well to burst your bubble it's all a
0:0:22: matter of matter
0:0:24: and today we're diving into the world of
0:0:26: matter to learn about its
0:0:28: characteristics and classifications
0:0:30: let's begin by exploring the early and
0:0:33: modern classification of matter
0:0:36: in ancient times Indian philosophers
0:0:38: classified Mata into five basic elements
0:0:42: air Earth Fire Sky and water
0:0:46: according to them everything in the
0:0:48: universe whether living or non-living
0:0:50: was made up of these five elements
0:0:54: fast forward to Modern Times And
0:0:56: scientists have evolved to types of
0:0:58: classification of matter based on their
0:1:1: physical and chemical properties
0:1:3: in this lesson we will be focusing on
0:1:6: matter based on its physical properties
0:1:8: now that we understand how matter has
0:1:11: been classified in the past and present
0:1:13: let's define what matter actually is
0:1:16: simply put everything around us is made
0:1:19: up of matter
0:1:21: can be defined as anything that occupies
0:1:24: space and has mass
0:1:26: so what are the characteristics of
0:1:28: matter
0:1:29: firstly matter is made up of small
0:1:32: particles called atoms which are
0:1:34: constantly moving
0:1:36: these particles have spaces between them
0:1:38: and are attracted to each other due to
0:1:40: the force of attraction
0:1:42: let's delve deeper into the
0:1:44: characteristics of particles of matter
0:1:47: one interesting aspect is that particles
0:1:49: of matter have space between them which
0:1:52: is why gases can be compressed so much
0:1:55: when sugar is dissolved in water the
0:1:58: sugar particles disappear in water
0:2:0: because they adjust in the spaces
0:2:2: between the particles of water
0:2:4: that's also why there is no rise in
0:2:7: water level when you add sugar to water
0:2:9: particles of matter also attract each
0:2:12: other due to the force of attraction
0:2:15: this force of attraction between
0:2:17: particles keeps them bonded together
0:2:19: the force of attraction is greatest
0:2:21: between particles of solid moderate
0:2:24: between particles of liquid and lowest
0:2:26: between particles of gas
0:2:29: this is why we can easily move our hand
0:2:31: through air but not through wood
0:2:34: in fact the force of attraction between
0:2:36: particles of solid liquid and gas can be
0:2:40: arranged in decreasing order as follows
0:2:42: solid liquid gas
0:2:44: students we know that science can
0:2:47: sometimes be a little tough to grasp
0:2:49: Concepts especially when it comes to
0:2:51: understanding the Practical side of
0:2:53: things
0:2:54: that's why it's super important to check
0:2:57: out the chapter notes for this chapter
0:2:59: and the good news is that eduriff
0:3:2: provides chapter notes for all the
0:3:3: subjects for class 9. now let's talk
0:3:6: about something that we encounter every
0:3:8: single day of Our Lives but don't give
0:3:11: much thought to states of matter which
0:3:13: ranges from solids to liquids and gases
0:3:17: but what makes them different from each
0:3:19: other
0:3:20: it's the characteristics of the
0:3:22: particles that make up these states of
0:3:24: matter
0:3:25: let's delve deeper into the properties
0:3:27: of these three states of matter
0:3:30: first up solids
0:3:33: they are hard as a rock literally
0:3:35: and just like this book they don't like
0:3:38: to change their shape or size
0:3:40: they are so stubborn
0:3:43: the solid state of matter has closely
0:3:45: packed particles with very less space
0:3:47: between them
0:3:49: the force of attraction between these
0:3:51: particles is strong making solids rigid
0:3:54: and maintaining their shape even when
0:3:56: subjected to external Force
0:3:59: solids cannot be compressed and their
0:4:1: particles have very low kinetic energy
0:4:3: resulting in an orderly arrangement
0:4:7: this gives solids a fixed shape and
0:4:9: volume
0:4:10: next liquids
0:4:12: they're like the comedians of matter
0:4:14: always changing their shape to fit in
0:4:17: the liquid state the space between
0:4:20: particles is slightly more than in
0:4:22: solids but still very less compared to
0:4:24: gases
0:4:26: the force of attraction between
0:4:27: particles is strong enough to hold them
0:4:30: together but not enough to hold them in
0:4:33: a fixed position
0:4:34: liquids have a fixed volume but not a
0:4:37: fixed shape taking up the shape of the
0:4:39: container they are poured into
0:4:41: the particles in liquids have more
0:4:43: kinetic energy than solids leading to a
0:4:46: disorderly arrangement of particles
0:4:49: liquids cannot be compressed much
0:4:52: lastly we have gases
0:4:55: they are like the ghosts of matter
0:4:57: they are there but you can't really see
0:5:0: them
0:5:1: the force of attraction between
0:5:2: particles is negligible enabling
0:5:5: particles to move freely in all
0:5:7: directions allowing gases to mix or
0:5:10: diffuse into other gases
0:5:12: gases have maximum kinetic energy with
0:5:15: particles moving at high speed in all
0:5:18: directions exerting pressure on the
0:5:20: walls of the container
0:5:22: gases have neither a definite shape nor
0:5:24: a definite volume and they fill up the
0:5:27: container completely
0:5:28: gases can be compressed easily such as
0:5:31: the LPG cylinders used at home or the
0:5:34: CNG cylinders used in vehicles
0:5:37: with this we finish with the
0:5:39: introduction to matter its
0:5:41: characteristics and its states
0:5:44: so next time you pick up a pencil or
0:5:46: take a bite of your favorite food
0:5:48: remember that it's all made up of tiny
0:5:51: particles that make up the states of
0:5:53: matter we have just explored
0:5:55: as you have understood the first part of
0:5:57: the chapter we will see you in the next
0:6:0: video which will cover changes in the
0:6:2: state of matter and evaporation you can
0:6:5: now study chapter notes watch video
0:6:7: lectures and solve McQ tests of this
0:6:10: chapter on eduriff to ensure you score
0:6:12: well in your school exams
0:6:14: and that's not all you also get amazing
0:6:17: courses for maths Social Studies English
0:6:20: Hindi and much more for class 9.
0:6:24: thank you