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Mind Map: Introducing Western Sociologists | Sociology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Mind Map: Introducing Western Sociologists | Sociology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts

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FAQs on Mind Map: Introducing Western Sociologists - Sociology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts

1. Who are some of the key Western sociologists that have influenced the field of sociology?
Ans. Key Western sociologists include figures such as Auguste Comte, who is often regarded as the father of sociology, Émile Durkheim, known for his work on social cohesion and collective consciousness, Max Weber, recognized for his analysis of bureaucracy and authority, and Karl Marx, who focused on class struggle and economic factors in society. Each of these sociologists contributed foundational theories that shaped the discipline.
2. What are the major contributions of Émile Durkheim to sociology?
Ans. Émile Durkheim made significant contributions to sociology, particularly in understanding social facts, collective consciousness, and the role of social institutions. His studies on suicide revealed how social integration and regulation affect individual behavior. Durkheim also emphasized the importance of studying social phenomena through empirical research, establishing sociology as a scientific discipline.
3. How did Karl Marx's theories impact sociology and social thought?
Ans. Karl Marx's theories profoundly impacted sociology by introducing concepts such as class conflict, historical materialism, and the critique of capitalism. He argued that the economic structure of society determines social relations and that class struggle is a driving force of social change. His ideas have influenced various sociological theories, including conflict theory and social change movements.
4. What is the significance of Max Weber's concept of 'Verstehen' in sociology?
Ans. Max Weber's concept of 'Verstehen,' which means "understanding" in German, emphasizes the importance of interpreting social actions from the perspective of individuals. This approach encourages sociologists to grasp the subjective meanings that people attach to their actions, thereby providing a deeper insight into social phenomena. 'Verstehen' contrasts with purely quantitative methods, advocating for qualitative analysis in sociology.
5. How did Auguste Comte's ideas lay the groundwork for sociology as a discipline?
Ans. Auguste Comte is credited with establishing sociology as a distinct academic discipline. He proposed the idea of positivism, which advocates for the application of scientific methods to study social phenomena. Comte's emphasis on systematic observation and the classification of social facts helped to legitimize sociology, advocating for a science of society that could inform social policy and improve human welfare.
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