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Mind Map: Renal Physiology | Physiology - NEET PG

The document Mind Map: Renal Physiology | Physiology - NEET PG is a part of the NEET PG Course Physiology.
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FAQs on Mind Map: Renal Physiology - Physiology - NEET PG

1. What are the main functions of the kidneys in renal physiology?
Ans. The kidneys perform several vital functions in renal physiology, including the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, maintenance of acid-base homeostasis, removal of waste products from metabolism, and the regulation of blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Additionally, they play a role in erythropoiesis by producing erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
2. How does the nephron structure relate to its function in the kidney?
Ans. The nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, consists of several parts: the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct. Each part has a specific role; for example, the glomerulus filters blood to form urine, while the proximal tubule reabsorbs essential nutrients and water. The loop of Henle concentrates urine, and the distal tubule and collecting duct fine-tune electrolyte balance and water reabsorption, contributing to the kidney's overall function in homeostasis.
3. What is the significance of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in assessing renal function?
Ans. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a crucial indicator of kidney function, representing the volume of filtrate produced by the kidneys per minute. It is used to assess the health of the kidneys, with a normal GFR indicating effective filtration and waste removal. Decreased GFR can signal kidney damage or disease, making it a key parameter in diagnosing and monitoring renal conditions.
4. Explain the role of hormones in renal physiology.
Ans. Hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) play significant roles in renal physiology. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the distal tubule, while ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, concentrating the urine. ANP, on the other hand, promotes sodium excretion and increases urine output, helping to regulate blood volume and pressure.
5. What are common pathophysiological conditions affecting renal physiology?
Ans. Common pathophysiological conditions affecting renal physiology include chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome. CKD leads to progressive loss of kidney function, while AKI is characterized by a sudden decline in function. Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli, and nephrotic syndrome is marked by proteinuria and edema, both affecting the kidneys' ability to filter waste effectively.
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