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H u m a n  G e o g r a p h y
I n t r o d u c t i o n
H u m a n - E n v i r o n m e n t  I n t e r a c t i o n
P o p u l a t i o n
C u l t u r e
U r b a n i z a t i o n
E c o n o m i c  A c t i v i t i e s
C o n c l u s i o n
D e f i n i t i o n :  H u m a n  G e o g r a p h y  i s  a  b r a n c h  o f
g e o g r a p h y  t h a t  f o c u s e s  o n  t h e  s t u d y  o f  h u m a n
a c t i v i t y ,  r e l a t i o n s h i p s ,  a n d  p a t t e r n s  w i t h i n  t h e  s p a t i a l
c o n t e x t .
K e y  T h e m e s :  H u m a n - E n v i r o n m e n t  I n t e r a c t i o n ,
P o p u l a t i o n ,  C u l t u r e ,  U r b a n i z a t i o n ,  E c o n o m i c
A c t i v i t i e s .
D e f i n i t i o n :  S t u d y  o f  h u m a n  p o p u l a t i o n ,  i t s
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ,  d i s t r i b u t i o n ,  a n d  d y n a m i c s .
N o d e s :
P o p u l a t i o n  G r o w t h :  I n c r e a s e  o r  d e c r e a s e  i n  t h e
n u m b e r  o f  i n d i v i d u a l s  o v e r  t i m e .
F e r t i l i t y :  T h e  a v e r a g e  n u m b e r  o f  c h i l d r e n  b o r n  t o  a
w o m a n  i n  h e r  r e p r o d u c t i v e  y e a r s .
M o r t a l i t y :  T h e  n u m b e r  o f  d e a t h s  i n  a  p o p u l a t i o n .
M i g r a t i o n :  M o v e m e n t  o f  i n d i v i d u a l s  f r o m  o n e  p l a c e  t o
a n o t h e r .
H u m a n  S e t t l e m e n t s :  H u m a n  s e t t l e m e n t s  r e f e r  t o  t h e
p l a c e s  w h e r e  p e o p l e  l i v e  a n d  e n g a g e  i n  v a r i o u s
a c t i v i t i e s  s u c h  a s  w o r k i n g ,  s o c i a l i z i n g ,  a n d  o b t a i n i n g
s e r v i c e s .  T h e s e  s e t t l e m e n t s  c a n  r a n g e  f r o m  r u r a l
v i l l a g e s  t o  u r b a n  c i t i e s .  H u m a n  s e t t l e m e n t s  p l a y  a
c r u c i a l  r o l e  i n  s h a p i n g  t h e  s o c i a l ,  e c o n o m i c ,  a n d
c u l t u r a l  d y n a m i c s  o f  a  r e g i o n .
H u m a n  g e o g r a p h y  i s  a  m u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l  d i s c i p l i n e
s t u d y i n g  t h e  r e l a t i o n s h i p  b e t w e e n  h u m a n s  a n d  t h e i r
e n v i r o n m e n t ,  p o p u l a t i o n  d y n a m i c s ,  c u l t u r a l  d i v e r s i t y ,
u r b a n  d e v e l o p m e n t ,  a n d  e c o n o m i c  a c t i v i t i e s .
U n d e r s t a n d i n g  t h e s e  a s p e c t s  i s  c r u c i a l  f o r
c o m p r e h e n d i n g  t h e  c o m p l e x i t i e s  o f  h u m a n  s o c i e t y
a n d  i t s  i m p a c t  o n  t h e  w o r l d .
D e f i n i t i o n :  P r o d u c t i o n ,  d i s t r i b u t i o n ,  a n d  c o n s u m p t i o n
o f  g o o d s  a n d  s e r v i c e s .
N o d e s :
P r i m a r y  S e c t o r :  E x t r a c t i n g  r a w  m a t e r i a l s  ( e . g . ,
a g r i c u l t u r e ,  m i n i n g ) .
S e c o n d a r y  S e c t o r :  M a n u f a c t u r i n g  a n d  p r o c e s s i n g  r a w
m a t e r i a l s  i n t o  f i n i s h e d  p r o d u c t s .
T e r t i a r y  S e c t o r :  P r o v i s i o n  o f  s e r v i c e s  ( e . g . ,  b a n k i n g ,
h e a l t h c a r e ,  t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ) .
Q u a t e r n a r y  S e c t o r :  K n o w l e d g e - b a s e d  a c t i v i t i e s  ( e . g . ,
r e s e a r c h ,  c o n s u l t i n g ,  I T ) .
D e f i n i t i o n :  P r o c e s s  o f  p o p u l a t i o n  c o n c e n t r a t i o n  i n
u r b a n  a r e a s .
N o d e s :
D e f i n i t i o n :  T h e  w a y  o f  l i f e  o f  a  g r o u p  o f  p e o p l e ,
i n c l u d i n g  t h e i r  c u s t o m s ,  t r a d i t i o n s ,  b e l i e f s ,  a n d
v a l u e s .
N o d e s :
U r b a n  S e t t l e m e n t s :  C o n c e n t r a t i o n s  o f  p o p u l a t i o n  a n d
e c o n o m i c  a c t i v i t i e s  i n  c i t i e s .
U r b a n i z a t i o n  F a c t o r s :  R e a s o n s  f o r  p e o p l e  m o v i n g  t o
c i t i e s  ( e . g . ,  j o b  o p p o r t u n i t i e s ,  b e t t e r  i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ) .
U r b a n  C h a l l e n g e s :  I s s u e s  f a c e d  i n  c i t i e s  ( e . g . ,  s l u m s ,
t r a f f i c  c o n g e s t i o n ,  p o l l u t i o n ) .
L a n g u a g e :  C o m m u n i c a t i o n  s y s t e m  u s e d  b y  a
p a r t i c u l a r  g r o u p .
R e l i g i o n :  B e l i e f s  a n d  p r a c t i c e s  r e l a t e d  t o  t h e  w o r s h i p
o f  a  s u p e r n a t u r a l  b e i n g ( s ) .
S o c i a l  I n s t i t u t i o n s :  S t r u c t u r e s  a n d  m e c h a n i s m s  t h a t
s h a p e  s o c i e t y  ( e . g . ,  f a m i l y ,  e d u c a t i o n ,  g o v e r n m e n t ) .
C u s t o m s  a n d  T r a d i t i o n s :  A c c e p t e d  b e h a v i o r s  a n d
p r a c t i c e s  w i t h i n  a  s o c i e t y .
D e f i n i t i o n :  T h e  r e l a t i o n s h i p  b e t w e e n  h u m a n s  a n d
t h e i r  p h y s i c a l  e n v i r o n m e n t .
N o d e s :
E n v i r o n m e n t a l  D e t e r m i n i s m :  B e l i e f  t h a t  p h y s i c a l
e n v i r o n m e n t  d e t e r m i n e s  h u m a n  b e h a v i o r .
P o s s i b i l i s m :  T h e o r y  t h a t  h u m a n s  h a v e  t h e  a b i l i t y  t o
a d a p t  a n d  m o d i f y  t h e i r  e n v i r o n m e n t .
E n v i r o n m e n t a l  I m p a c t :  I n f l u e n c e  o f  h u m a n  a c t i v i t i e s
o n  t h e  n a t u r a l  e n v i r o n m e n t .
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