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Dr br Ambedkar lesson extracts?
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Dr. B R Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956)
  • Popularly known as Baba Saheb. He was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly and is called the ‘Father of the Indian Constitution’.
  • He was a jurist and an economist. Born into a caste that was considered untouchable, he faced many injustices and discrimination in society. He was born in Mhow in the Central Provinces (modern-day Madhya Pradesh) to a Marathi family with roots in Ambadawe town of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.
  • He was a brilliant student and had doctoral degrees in economics from the Columbia University and the London School of Economics.
  • Ambedkar was against the caste-based discriminations in society and advocated the Dalits to organise and demand their rights.
  • He promoted education of Dalits and made representations to the government in various capacities in this regard. He was part of the Bombay Presidency Committee that worked with the Simon Commission in 1925.
  • He established the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha to promote education and socio-economic improvements among the Dalits. He started magazines like Mooknayak, Equality Janta and Bahishkrit Bharat.
  • In 1927, he launched active agitation against untouchability. He organised and agitated for the right of Dalits to enter temples and to draw water from public water resources. He condemned Hindu scriptures that he thought propagated caste discrimination.
  • He advocated separate electorates for the ‘Depressed Classes’, the term with which Dalits were called at that time. He was in disagreement with Mahatma Gandhi at that time since Gandhi was against any sort of reservation in the electorates. When the British government announced the ‘Communal Award’ in 1932, Gandhi went on a fast in Yerwada Jail. An agreement was signed between Gandhi and Ambedkar in the jail whereby it was agreed to give reserved seats to the depressed classes within the general electorate. This was called the Poona Pact.
  • Ambedkar founded the Independent Labour Party (later transformed into the Scheduled Castes Federation) in 1936 and contested in 1937 from Bombay to the Central Legislative Assembly. He also contested from Bombay (north-central) after independence in the country’s first general elections. But he lost both times.
  • He also worked as Minister of Labour in the Viceroy’s Executive Council. After independence, Ambedkar became the first Law Minister in 1947 under the Congress-led government. Later he resigned due to differences with Jawaharlal Nehru on the Hindu Code Bill.
  • He was appointed to the Rajya Sabha in 1952 and remained a member till his death.
  • He advocated a free economy with a stable Rupee. He also mooted birth control for economic development. He also emphasised equal rights for women.
  • A few months before he died, he converted to Buddhism in a public ceremony in Nagpur and with him lakhs of Dalits converted to Buddhism.
  • He authored several books and essays. Some of them are: The Annihilation of Caste, Pakistan or the Partition of India, The Buddha and his Dhamma, The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India, Administration and Finance of the East India Company, etc.
  • Ambedkar considered the Right to Constitutional Remedy as the soul of the constitution.
  • Ambedkar died of ill health in 1956 at Delhi. He was cremated according to Buddhist rites in Dadar and a memorial is constructed there. The place is called Chaitya Bhoomi. His death anniversary is observed as Mahaparinirvan Din. His birth anniversary is celebrated as Ambedkar Jayanti or Bhim Jayanti on 14 April every year.
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1. Who was Dr. B R Ambedkar?
Ans. Dr. B R Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, and social reformer who played a significant role in drafting the Indian Constitution. He was born into a low-caste family in 1891 and faced discrimination throughout his life. Dr. Ambedkar fought against caste-based discrimination and worked towards the upliftment of the Dalits, also known as the untouchables.
2. What was Dr. B R Ambedkar's contribution to the Indian Constitution?
Ans. Dr. B R Ambedkar played a crucial role in drafting the Indian Constitution. He was the chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution and was responsible for providing a framework for the governance of India. Dr. Ambedkar's contributions to the Constitution include the fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy, which protect the rights of citizens and ensure social justice.
3. What were Dr. B R Ambedkar's views on caste-based discrimination?
Ans. Dr. B R Ambedkar was a strong opponent of caste-based discrimination and worked towards the upliftment of the Dalits. He believed that the caste system was a social evil that needed to be abolished. Dr. Ambedkar argued that the Dalits should be given equal rights and opportunities to participate in the social and economic life of India. He also advocated for the reservation of seats in educational institutions and government jobs for the Dalits.
4. What was the significance of Dr. B R Ambedkar's conversion to Buddhism?
Ans. Dr. B R Ambedkar converted to Buddhism in 1956, along with thousands of his followers. This event is significant because it represented a rejection of the caste system and the Hindu religion, which had traditionally discriminated against the Dalits. Dr. Ambedkar saw Buddhism as a religion of equality and social justice and believed that it offered a way out of the oppressive caste system.
5. How is Dr. B R Ambedkar remembered in India today?
Ans. Dr. B R Ambedkar is remembered as one of the most important figures in modern Indian history. He is celebrated for his contributions to the Indian Constitution, his advocacy for the rights of the Dalits, and his efforts to eradicate caste-based discrimination. Dr. Ambedkar's birthday, on April 14th, is observed as a public holiday in India, and his legacy is commemorated through various cultural events and ceremonies across the country.
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