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Manufacturing Industries NCERT Solutions - Geography for UPSC CSE

Q1. Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Ans: (a) Aluminium

AluminiumAluminium

(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
Ans: (b) Electronic

Q2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Ans: 
(i) Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. For example, paper is manufactured from wood.
(ii) Basic industries are those industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g., iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting industries.

Q3. Write the answers to the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
Ans: Industries pollute the environment in four ways as given below:
(a) Air pollution: 

  • It is caused by sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
  • Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories.
  • Toxic gas leaks can be hazardous as has happened in Bhopal Gas Tragedy.

(b) Water pollution: 

  • The industrial effluents are discharged into rivers and pollute the water.
  • The major industries responsible for this are paper, pulp, chemical, textile, dyeing and petroleum refineries and tanneries.

(c) Thermal pollution: 

  • Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into the rivers and ponds before cooling.
  • Dumping of wastes renders soil useless.

(d) Noise pollution: 

  • Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and other equipment make a lot of noise which have bad effects on human beings.
  • It can cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.

Industries Pollute the EnvironmentIndustries Pollute the Environment

(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?

Ans: Steps to minimise environmental degradation: 

  • To minimise use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
  • Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
  • Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
    Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases as given below:
    1) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
    2) Secondary treatment by biological process.
    3) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
  • Overdrawing of groundwater reserves should be regulated legally.
  • Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smokestacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
  • Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
  • Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
  • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
  • Noise absorbing material may be used such as silencers.

Minimise Environment Degradation by IndustryMinimise Environment Degradation by Industry

The document Manufacturing Industries NCERT Solutions | Geography for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course Geography for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Manufacturing Industries NCERT Solutions - Geography for UPSC CSE

1. What is the importance of manufacturing industries in the economy?
Ans. Manufacturing industries play a crucial role in the economy as they contribute to the country's GDP, employment generation, and export earnings. They help in the conversion of raw materials into finished goods, which are used by various sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure, and services.
2. How does globalization affect manufacturing industries?
Ans. Globalization has had a significant impact on manufacturing industries. It has opened up new markets and increased competition. Manufacturers now have access to a larger customer base and can expand their reach globally. However, globalization has also resulted in outsourcing and offshoring, leading to job losses in some countries.
3. What are the challenges faced by manufacturing industries in terms of sustainability?
Ans. Manufacturing industries face several challenges in terms of sustainability. Some of these challenges include reducing their carbon footprint, minimizing waste generation, adopting eco-friendly production processes, and ensuring the responsible use of natural resources. Meeting these challenges is essential for the long-term viability of manufacturing industries.
4. How does technology impact manufacturing industries?
Ans. Technology has revolutionized manufacturing industries by automating processes, improving efficiency, and enhancing product quality. Advanced technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and 3D printing have enabled manufacturers to streamline operations, reduce costs, and increase productivity. Embracing technological advancements is crucial for the growth and competitiveness of manufacturing industries.
5. What are the government initiatives to promote manufacturing industries?
Ans. Governments implement various initiatives to promote manufacturing industries. These initiatives may include providing tax incentives and subsidies to manufacturers, establishing special economic zones, facilitating ease of doing business, promoting research and development, and investing in infrastructure development. These measures aim to attract investments, boost industrial growth, and create employment opportunities.
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