Q1. Talk to two workers (For example, construction workers, farm workers, factory workers, workers at any shop) to find out if they are receiving the minimum wages laid down by law.
Ans: Minimum wages are the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their employees. The government enforces this law so that employers may not exploit their workers by paying them low wages.
These workers are not receiving the minimum wages.
(i) Construction workers: They do not receive the minimum wages.
(ii) Farm workers: They do not receive the minimum wag
(iii) Factory workers: They receive minimum wages
(iv) Workers at the shop: They get minimum wages.
Q2. What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India?
Ans: Advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India are:
Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Q3. Do you think the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice? Discuss.
Ans: No, the Bhopal gas tragedy victims are still seeking justice.
Despite the wide-open, so many evidence of the disaster, the firm that controlled the pesticide factory, Union Carbide (UC), first refused to acknowledge responsibility. After giving the bare minimum in compensation to the survivors of this catastrophe, UC got away with it. Survivors are still battling for justice, safe drinking water, health-care facilities, and jobs for people poisoned by UC after 24 years. Their cases are still pending in a number of courts around the country.
Q4. What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement? Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important?
Ans: Law enforcement means ensuring that people obey the laws set by the government. It involves agencies like the police, courts, and prisons. These agencies catch criminals, judge them in court, and, if found guilty, punish them. Enforcement is essential for several reasons:
Q5. How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair? Give two examples to support your answer.
Ans: Laws helps in ensuring that markets operate fairly by establishing rules and regulations that promote competition, protect consumers, and prevent unfair practices. The two examples of how laws can ensure fair market functioning:
Q6. Imagine yourself to be a worker working in a chemical factory, which has received orders from the government to move to a different site 100 kms away from the present location. Write about how your life would change? Read out your responses in the classroom.
Ans: My life would drastically change with the change of factory site.
Q7. Write a paragraph on the various roles of the government that you have read about in this unit.
Ans: In any state, the government serves a variety of functions:
Q8. What are the sources of environmental pollution in your area? Discuss with respect to
(a) air;
(b) water and
(c) soil.
What are the steps being taken to reduce the pollution? Can you suggest some other measures
Ans: There are many sources of environmental pollution in our area.
Air Pollution
In the recent years there has been a consistent increase in awareness of the need for a clean environment. The courts in our country have come out with a number of strong orders on the environmental issues and accordingly steps are also being taken to reduce pollution. But still many more things have to be done in this direction:
Soil Pollution
Q9. How was environment treated earlier? What has been the change in perception? Discuss.
Ans: Previously, the environment was treated as a "free" entity, with any enterprise or individual having complete freedom to damage the air and water. The environment was being poisoned, whether it was our rivers, air, or groundwater, because there were no laws in place. The topic of environmental contamination has risen to prominence in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the Bhopal gas tragedy. People's perceptions have fully changed now, and they see that the environment will be shared in the future. Everyone is becoming more aware that a clean environment is a public resource that cannot be sacrificed for the sake of industrial progress. The courts have also upheld the right to a healthy environment as an integral part of the Fundamental Right to Life.
Q10: What do you think the famous cartoonist R.K. Laxman is trying to convey in this cartoon? How does it relate to the 2016 law that you read about on page 103?
Ans: R.K. Laxman’s cartoon conveys two important issues: the heavy burden of schoolbags on children today, and the issue of child labor. The cartoon shows some children waiting for their school bus accompanied by their mothers, with one child carrying a heavy schoolbag. One woman says that she hired that child to carry her son’s schoolbag.
The cartoon relates to the 2006 Child Labour Prevention Act, which banned children under 14 from working as domestic servants or in restaurants, tea shops, and dhabas. The act also made it a punishable offense to employ children under 14. The cartoon also suggests that the government has not taken enough action to enforce the Child Labour Prevention Act of 2006, around 74% of child domestic labor today is done by children under 16.
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1. What are some examples of laws related to social justice? |
2. How does the legal system promote social justice? |
3. What is the role of the judiciary in upholding social justice? |
4. How can individuals advocate for social justice within the legal system? |
5. Why is it important for a society to have laws that promote social justice? |
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