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Tissues NCERT Solutions - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

Page No. 61

Q1. What is a tissue?
Ans: A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue.

Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
Q2. What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?
Ans:

  • Tissues are made up of a group of cells carrying a specialised function. Each specialised function is taken up by a different tissue. Since these cells of a tissue carry out only a particular function, they do it very efficiently. 
  • The use of tissues in multicellular organisms is to provide structural and mechanical strength. 
  • Example: In human beings, muscle cells contract or relax to cause movement, nerve cells carry messages, and blood flows to transport gases, food, hormones and wastes materials and so on. Likewise, in plants, vascular tissues (xylem, phloem) conduct water and food from one part of the plant to other parts. 
  • So, multicellular organisms show division of labour through tissues.

Page No. 65

Q1. Name types of simple tissues.
Ans: Simple permanent tissues are of three types:
(i) Parenchyma
(ii) Collenchyma
(iii) Sclerenchyma
Parenchyma tissue is of further two types:
(i) Aerenchyma
(ii) Chlorenchyma

Q2. Where is apical meristem found?
Ans: Apical meristem is present at the growing tips of stems and roots.Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE


Q3. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
Ans: Sclerenchyma tissue makes up the husk of coconut. These tissues cause the plant to become stiff and hard. The cells of this tissue are dead and their cell walls are thickened because of the presence of lignin.

Q4. What are the constituents of phloem?
Ans: The constituents of phloem are:

  • Sieve tubes
  • Companion cells
  • Phloem parenchyma
  • Phloem fibres


Page No. 69

Q1. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.
Ans: Two tissues jointly are responsible for the movement of our body, namely:
  • Muscular tissue
  • Nervous tissue

Q2. What does a neuron look like?
Ans: A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts called dendrites arise. Each neuron has a single long part called the axon.

Q3. Give three features of cardiac muscles.
Ans:
Three features of cardiac muscles are:
(i) Cardiac muscles are involuntary.
(ii) Cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical, branched and uninucleate.

(iii) Cardiac muscles show rhythmic contraction and relaxation.

Q4. What are the functions of areolar tissue?
Ans: Areolar tissue acts as a supportive and packing tissue between organs lying in the body cavity, and also helps in the repair of tissues.


Page No. 70

Q1. Define the term "tissue".
Ans: A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to achieve a particular function is called tissue.

Q2. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.
Ans: Xylem is composed of the following elements:
  • Tracheids
  • Vessels
  • Xylem parenchyma
  • Xylem fibresTissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE


Q3. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
Ans:Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE


Q4. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma, on the basis of their cell wall.
Ans: The differences between cell walls of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma are:Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE


Q5. What are the functions of the stomata?
Ans: The functions of stomata are:
(i) Stomata allow gaseous exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. 

(ii) These are sites of transpiration in plants.

Q6. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
Ans: The three types of muscle fibres are: 
(i) Striated musclesTissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE(ii) Smooth muscles (unstriated muscle fibre)Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE(iii) Cardiac musclesTissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE


Q7. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?
Ans: The cardiac muscles are branched and cylindrical. They are uninucleated and are involuntary in nature. Throughout one’s lifetime, the cardiac muscles bring about the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart.

Q8. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.
Ans:Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE


Q9. Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.
Ans:Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE
Q10. Name the following:
(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Ans: 
(a) Simple squamous epithelium 
(b) Tendon 
(c) Phloem 
(d) Adipose tissue 
(e) Blood 
(f) Nervous tissue

Q11. Identify the type of tissue in the following: 
Skin, Bark of Tree, Bone, Lining of Kidney Tubule, Vascular Bundle.
Ans:
Skin: Epithelial tissue (Squamous epithelium) 
Bark of Tree: Cork (protective tissue) 
Bone: Skeletal tissue (connective tissue)
Lining of Kidney Tubules: Cuboidal epithelial tissue 
Vascular Bundle: Complex permanent tissue—xylem and phloem


Page No. 71

Q12. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Ans: Parenchyma tissues are found in:

  • The pith of stems and roots.
  • When parenchyma contains chlorophyll it is called as chlorenchyma, it is found in green leaves.
  • Parenchyma found in aquatic plants has large air cavities which enables them to float and are hence called aerenchyma.


Q13. What is the role of epidermis in plants?
Ans: Role of the epidermis in plants:
(i) It acts as a protective tissue, covering the plant body. 

(ii) It protects the plant from excessive heat or cold and from the attack of parasitic fungi and bacteria. 
(iii) It allows exchange of gases and transpiration through stomata. 
(iv) The cuticle of epidermis checks the excessive evaporation of water.

Q14. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?
Ans: The cork cells are dead and do not have any intercellular spaces. The cell walls of the cork cells are coated with suberin (a waxy substance). Suberin makes these cells impermeable to water and gases. Thus, it protects underlying tissues from desiccation (loss of water from plant body), infection and mechanical injury.

Q15. Complete the table:

Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSEAns:

Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

The document Tissues NCERT Solutions | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course Science & Technology for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Tissues NCERT Solutions - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is a tissue?
Ans. A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and function. They work together to perform a specific function in the body.
2. What are the different types of tissues in the human body?
Ans. The human body has four main types of tissues: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
3. What is the function of epithelial tissue?
Ans. Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the body, lines internal organs, and forms glands. Its main function is to protect the body from external factors like bacteria, viruses, and chemicals.
4. How is connective tissue different from other types of tissues?
Ans. Connective tissue supports and connects different parts of the body and is made up of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix. Unlike other types of tissues, it does not have a specific function, but it plays an important role in maintaining the structure of the body.
5. What are the different types of muscle tissue and their functions?
Ans. The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle is responsible for movement, smooth muscle controls involuntary movements like digestion, and cardiac muscle pumps blood throughout the body.
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