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DEPOSITORY
Chapter 6
How is a depository similar to a bank?
A Depository can be compared with a bank, which holds the funds for depositors. An analogy 
between a bank and a depository may be drawn as follows:
BANK
Holds funds in an account.
Transfers funds between accounts on the 
instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers without having to 
handle money.
Facilitates safekeeping of money.
DEPOSITORY
Hold securities in an account
Transfers securities between accounts on 
the instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers of ownership without 
having to handle securities.
Facilitates safekeeping of shares.
Which are the depositories in India?
What are the benefits of participation in a depository?
There are two depositories in India which provide dematerialization of securities. The National 
Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
The benefits of participation in a depository are:
Immediate transfer of securities
No stamp duty on transfer of securities
Elimination of risks associated with physical certificates such as bad delivery, fake 
securities, etc.
Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities
Reduction in transaction cost
Ease of nomination facility
Change in address recorded with DP gets registered electronically with all companies in 
which investor holds securities eliminating the need to correspond with each of them 
separately
Transmission of securities is done directly by the DP eliminating correspondence with 
companies
Convenient method of consolidation of folios/accounts
Holding investments in equity, debt instruments and Government securities in a single 
account; automatic credit into demat account, of shares, arising out of split/ 
consolidation/merger etc.
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
Who is a Depository Participant (DP)?
Does one need to keep any minimum balance of securities in his account with his DP?
What is an ISIN?
What is a Custodian?
How can one convert physical holding into electronic holding i.e. how can one dematerialise 
securities?
Do dematerialised shares have distinctive numbers?
Can electronic holdings be converted into Physical certificates?
Can one dematerialise his debt instruments, mutual fund units, government securities in his 
demat account?
The Depository provides its services to investors through its agents called depository 
participants (DPs). These agents are appointed by the depository with the approval of SEBI. 
According to SEBI regulations, amongst others, three categories of entities, i.e. Banks, Financial 
Institutions and SEBI registered trading members can become DPs.
No. The depository has not prescribed any minimum balance. You can have zero balance in your 
account.
ISIN (International Securities Identification Number) is a unique identification number for a 
security.
A Custodian is basically an organisation, which helps register and safeguard the securities of its 
clients.
Besides safeguarding securities, a custodian also keeps track of corporate actions on behalf of its 
clients:
Maintaining a client’s securities account
Collecting   the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities    
Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issue of securities, 
having a bearing on the benefits or rights accruing to the client.
In order to dematerialise physical securities one has to fill in a Demat Request Form (DRF) which 
is available with the DP and submit the same along with physical certificates one wishes to 
dematerialise. Separate DRF has to be filled for each ISIN number.
Can odd lot shares be dematerialised?
Yes, odd lot share certificates can also be dematerialised.
Dematerialised shares do not have any distinctive numbers. These shares are fungible, which 
means that all the holdings of a particular security will be identical and interchangeable.
Yes. The process is called Rematerialisation. If one wishes to get back your securities in the 
physical form one has to fill in the Remat Request Form (RRF) and request your DP for 
rematerialisation of the balances in your securities account.
Yes. You can dematerialise and hold all such investments in a single demat account.
¦
¦
¦
Introduction to Financial Markets
35
Page 2


DEPOSITORY
Chapter 6
How is a depository similar to a bank?
A Depository can be compared with a bank, which holds the funds for depositors. An analogy 
between a bank and a depository may be drawn as follows:
BANK
Holds funds in an account.
Transfers funds between accounts on the 
instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers without having to 
handle money.
Facilitates safekeeping of money.
DEPOSITORY
Hold securities in an account
Transfers securities between accounts on 
the instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers of ownership without 
having to handle securities.
Facilitates safekeeping of shares.
Which are the depositories in India?
What are the benefits of participation in a depository?
There are two depositories in India which provide dematerialization of securities. The National 
Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
The benefits of participation in a depository are:
Immediate transfer of securities
No stamp duty on transfer of securities
Elimination of risks associated with physical certificates such as bad delivery, fake 
securities, etc.
Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities
Reduction in transaction cost
Ease of nomination facility
Change in address recorded with DP gets registered electronically with all companies in 
which investor holds securities eliminating the need to correspond with each of them 
separately
Transmission of securities is done directly by the DP eliminating correspondence with 
companies
Convenient method of consolidation of folios/accounts
Holding investments in equity, debt instruments and Government securities in a single 
account; automatic credit into demat account, of shares, arising out of split/ 
consolidation/merger etc.
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
Who is a Depository Participant (DP)?
Does one need to keep any minimum balance of securities in his account with his DP?
What is an ISIN?
What is a Custodian?
How can one convert physical holding into electronic holding i.e. how can one dematerialise 
securities?
Do dematerialised shares have distinctive numbers?
Can electronic holdings be converted into Physical certificates?
Can one dematerialise his debt instruments, mutual fund units, government securities in his 
demat account?
The Depository provides its services to investors through its agents called depository 
participants (DPs). These agents are appointed by the depository with the approval of SEBI. 
According to SEBI regulations, amongst others, three categories of entities, i.e. Banks, Financial 
Institutions and SEBI registered trading members can become DPs.
No. The depository has not prescribed any minimum balance. You can have zero balance in your 
account.
ISIN (International Securities Identification Number) is a unique identification number for a 
security.
A Custodian is basically an organisation, which helps register and safeguard the securities of its 
clients.
Besides safeguarding securities, a custodian also keeps track of corporate actions on behalf of its 
clients:
Maintaining a client’s securities account
Collecting   the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities    
Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issue of securities, 
having a bearing on the benefits or rights accruing to the client.
In order to dematerialise physical securities one has to fill in a Demat Request Form (DRF) which 
is available with the DP and submit the same along with physical certificates one wishes to 
dematerialise. Separate DRF has to be filled for each ISIN number.
Can odd lot shares be dematerialised?
Yes, odd lot share certificates can also be dematerialised.
Dematerialised shares do not have any distinctive numbers. These shares are fungible, which 
means that all the holdings of a particular security will be identical and interchangeable.
Yes. The process is called Rematerialisation. If one wishes to get back your securities in the 
physical form one has to fill in the Remat Request Form (RRF) and request your DP for 
rematerialisation of the balances in your securities account.
Yes. You can dematerialise and hold all such investments in a single demat account.
¦
¦
¦
Introduction to Financial Markets
35
DEPOSITORY
Chapter 6
How is a depository similar to a bank?
A Depository can be compared with a bank, which holds the funds for depositors. An analogy 
between a bank and a depository may be drawn as follows:
BANK
Holds funds in an account.
Transfers funds between accounts on the 
instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers without having to 
handle money.
Facilitates safekeeping of money.
DEPOSITORY
Hold securities in an account
Transfers securities between accounts on 
the instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers of ownership without 
having to handle securities.
Facilitates safekeeping of shares.
Which are the depositories in India?
What are the benefits of participation in a depository?
There are two depositories in India which provide dematerialization of securities. The National 
Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
The benefits of participation in a depository are:
Immediate transfer of securities
No stamp duty on transfer of securities
Elimination of risks associated with physical certificates such as bad delivery, fake 
securities, etc.
Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities
Reduction in transaction cost
Ease of nomination facility
Change in address recorded with DP gets registered electronically with all companies in 
which investor holds securities eliminating the need to correspond with each of them 
separately
Transmission of securities is done directly by the DP eliminating correspondence with 
companies
Convenient method of consolidation of folios/accounts
Holding investments in equity, debt instruments and Government securities in a single 
account; automatic credit into demat account, of shares, arising out of split/ 
consolidation/merger etc.
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
Who is a Depository Participant (DP)?
Does one need to keep any minimum balance of securities in his account with his DP?
What is an ISIN?
What is a Custodian?
How can one convert physical holding into electronic holding i.e. how can one dematerialise 
securities?
Do dematerialised shares have distinctive numbers?
Can electronic holdings be converted into Physical certificates?
Can one dematerialise his debt instruments, mutual fund units, government securities in his 
demat account?
The Depository provides its services to investors through its agents called depository 
participants (DPs). These agents are appointed by the depository with the approval of SEBI. 
According to SEBI regulations, amongst others, three categories of entities, i.e. Banks, Financial 
Institutions and SEBI registered trading members can become DPs.
No. The depository has not prescribed any minimum balance. You can have zero balance in your 
account.
ISIN (International Securities Identification Number) is a unique identification number for a 
security.
A Custodian is basically an organisation, which helps register and safeguard the securities of its 
clients.
Besides safeguarding securities, a custodian also keeps track of corporate actions on behalf of its 
clients:
Maintaining a client’s securities account
Collecting   the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities    
Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issue of securities, 
having a bearing on the benefits or rights accruing to the client.
In order to dematerialise physical securities one has to fill in a Demat Request Form (DRF) which 
is available with the DP and submit the same along with physical certificates one wishes to 
dematerialise. Separate DRF has to be filled for each ISIN number.
Can odd lot shares be dematerialised?
Yes, odd lot share certificates can also be dematerialised.
Dematerialised shares do not have any distinctive numbers. These shares are fungible, which 
means that all the holdings of a particular security will be identical and interchangeable.
Yes. The process is called Rematerialisation. If one wishes to get back your securities in the 
physical form one has to fill in the Remat Request Form (RRF) and request your DP for 
rematerialisation of the balances in your securities account.
Yes. You can dematerialise and hold all such investments in a single demat account.
¦
¦
¦
34
Page 3


DEPOSITORY
Chapter 6
How is a depository similar to a bank?
A Depository can be compared with a bank, which holds the funds for depositors. An analogy 
between a bank and a depository may be drawn as follows:
BANK
Holds funds in an account.
Transfers funds between accounts on the 
instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers without having to 
handle money.
Facilitates safekeeping of money.
DEPOSITORY
Hold securities in an account
Transfers securities between accounts on 
the instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers of ownership without 
having to handle securities.
Facilitates safekeeping of shares.
Which are the depositories in India?
What are the benefits of participation in a depository?
There are two depositories in India which provide dematerialization of securities. The National 
Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
The benefits of participation in a depository are:
Immediate transfer of securities
No stamp duty on transfer of securities
Elimination of risks associated with physical certificates such as bad delivery, fake 
securities, etc.
Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities
Reduction in transaction cost
Ease of nomination facility
Change in address recorded with DP gets registered electronically with all companies in 
which investor holds securities eliminating the need to correspond with each of them 
separately
Transmission of securities is done directly by the DP eliminating correspondence with 
companies
Convenient method of consolidation of folios/accounts
Holding investments in equity, debt instruments and Government securities in a single 
account; automatic credit into demat account, of shares, arising out of split/ 
consolidation/merger etc.
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
Who is a Depository Participant (DP)?
Does one need to keep any minimum balance of securities in his account with his DP?
What is an ISIN?
What is a Custodian?
How can one convert physical holding into electronic holding i.e. how can one dematerialise 
securities?
Do dematerialised shares have distinctive numbers?
Can electronic holdings be converted into Physical certificates?
Can one dematerialise his debt instruments, mutual fund units, government securities in his 
demat account?
The Depository provides its services to investors through its agents called depository 
participants (DPs). These agents are appointed by the depository with the approval of SEBI. 
According to SEBI regulations, amongst others, three categories of entities, i.e. Banks, Financial 
Institutions and SEBI registered trading members can become DPs.
No. The depository has not prescribed any minimum balance. You can have zero balance in your 
account.
ISIN (International Securities Identification Number) is a unique identification number for a 
security.
A Custodian is basically an organisation, which helps register and safeguard the securities of its 
clients.
Besides safeguarding securities, a custodian also keeps track of corporate actions on behalf of its 
clients:
Maintaining a client’s securities account
Collecting   the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities    
Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issue of securities, 
having a bearing on the benefits or rights accruing to the client.
In order to dematerialise physical securities one has to fill in a Demat Request Form (DRF) which 
is available with the DP and submit the same along with physical certificates one wishes to 
dematerialise. Separate DRF has to be filled for each ISIN number.
Can odd lot shares be dematerialised?
Yes, odd lot share certificates can also be dematerialised.
Dematerialised shares do not have any distinctive numbers. These shares are fungible, which 
means that all the holdings of a particular security will be identical and interchangeable.
Yes. The process is called Rematerialisation. If one wishes to get back your securities in the 
physical form one has to fill in the Remat Request Form (RRF) and request your DP for 
rematerialisation of the balances in your securities account.
Yes. You can dematerialise and hold all such investments in a single demat account.
¦
¦
¦
Introduction to Financial Markets
35
DEPOSITORY
Chapter 6
How is a depository similar to a bank?
A Depository can be compared with a bank, which holds the funds for depositors. An analogy 
between a bank and a depository may be drawn as follows:
BANK
Holds funds in an account.
Transfers funds between accounts on the 
instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers without having to 
handle money.
Facilitates safekeeping of money.
DEPOSITORY
Hold securities in an account
Transfers securities between accounts on 
the instruction of the account holder.
Facilitates transfers of ownership without 
having to handle securities.
Facilitates safekeeping of shares.
Which are the depositories in India?
What are the benefits of participation in a depository?
There are two depositories in India which provide dematerialization of securities. The National 
Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
The benefits of participation in a depository are:
Immediate transfer of securities
No stamp duty on transfer of securities
Elimination of risks associated with physical certificates such as bad delivery, fake 
securities, etc.
Reduction in paperwork involved in transfer of securities
Reduction in transaction cost
Ease of nomination facility
Change in address recorded with DP gets registered electronically with all companies in 
which investor holds securities eliminating the need to correspond with each of them 
separately
Transmission of securities is done directly by the DP eliminating correspondence with 
companies
Convenient method of consolidation of folios/accounts
Holding investments in equity, debt instruments and Government securities in a single 
account; automatic credit into demat account, of shares, arising out of split/ 
consolidation/merger etc.
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
Who is a Depository Participant (DP)?
Does one need to keep any minimum balance of securities in his account with his DP?
What is an ISIN?
What is a Custodian?
How can one convert physical holding into electronic holding i.e. how can one dematerialise 
securities?
Do dematerialised shares have distinctive numbers?
Can electronic holdings be converted into Physical certificates?
Can one dematerialise his debt instruments, mutual fund units, government securities in his 
demat account?
The Depository provides its services to investors through its agents called depository 
participants (DPs). These agents are appointed by the depository with the approval of SEBI. 
According to SEBI regulations, amongst others, three categories of entities, i.e. Banks, Financial 
Institutions and SEBI registered trading members can become DPs.
No. The depository has not prescribed any minimum balance. You can have zero balance in your 
account.
ISIN (International Securities Identification Number) is a unique identification number for a 
security.
A Custodian is basically an organisation, which helps register and safeguard the securities of its 
clients.
Besides safeguarding securities, a custodian also keeps track of corporate actions on behalf of its 
clients:
Maintaining a client’s securities account
Collecting   the benefits or rights accruing to the client in respect of securities    
Keeping the client informed of the actions taken or to be taken by the issue of securities, 
having a bearing on the benefits or rights accruing to the client.
In order to dematerialise physical securities one has to fill in a Demat Request Form (DRF) which 
is available with the DP and submit the same along with physical certificates one wishes to 
dematerialise. Separate DRF has to be filled for each ISIN number.
Can odd lot shares be dematerialised?
Yes, odd lot share certificates can also be dematerialised.
Dematerialised shares do not have any distinctive numbers. These shares are fungible, which 
means that all the holdings of a particular security will be identical and interchangeable.
Yes. The process is called Rematerialisation. If one wishes to get back your securities in the 
physical form one has to fill in the Remat Request Form (RRF) and request your DP for 
rematerialisation of the balances in your securities account.
Yes. You can dematerialise and hold all such investments in a single demat account.
¦
¦
¦
34
Unit Code: 7 Unit  Title: Mutual Fund
Session-1 : Basics of Mutual Fund
Location:
Class Room,
AMC, 
Mutual Fund
Branch
Office
Learning 
Outcome
Knowledge 
Evaluation
Performance 
Evaluation
Teaching and 
Training Method
Session-2 : Active/Passive Fund
·
·
·
·
Define MF
Benefits of MF
How to 
calculate NAV
Procedure of 
NFO
·
·
Find NAV of 
few MF 
Schemes
Study NFO
Interactive lecture:
Calculate Returns 
of the Schemes.
Activity:
Find best suited 
scheme for each 
student
·
·
Working and 
operations of 
Mutual  Fund
Distinguish 
Open – ended 
& Close ended
· Tools and 
Techniques of 
Active and 
Passive Fund
· Benefits of 
Active / 
Passive Funds
Interactive lecture:
Risk and Returns 
of MF
Activity:
Role plays 
portfolio manager
· Find Mutual 
Fund Scheme: 
less Risk and 
High Returns
What is the Regulatory Body for Mutual Funds?
What are the benefits of investing in Mutual Funds?
What is NAV?
Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the regulatory body for all the mutual funds. All the 
mutual funds must get registered with SEBI.
There are several benefits from investing in a Mutual Fund:
Small investments:
Mutual funds help you to reap the benefit of returns by a portfolio spread across a wide 
spectrum of companies with small investments.
Professional Fund Management:
Professionals having considerable expertise, experience and resources manage the pool of money 
collected by a mutual fund. They thoroughly analyse the markets and economy to pick good 
investment opportunities.
Spreading Risk:
An investor with limited funds might be able to invest in only one or two stocks/bonds, thus 
increasing his or her risk. However, a mutual fund will spread its risk by investing a number of 
sound stocks or bonds. A fund normally invests in companies across a wide range of industries, 
so the risk is diversified.
Transparency:
Mutual Funds regularly provide investors with information on the value of their investments. 
Mutual Funds also provide complete portfolio disclosure of the investments made by various 
schemes and also the proportion invested in each asset type.
Choice:
The large amount of Mutual Funds offer the investor a wide variety to choose from. An investor 
can pick up a scheme depending upon his risk/return profile.
Regulations:
All the mutual funds are registered with SEBI and they function within the provisions of strict 
regulation designed to protect the interests of the investor.
NAV or Net Asset Value of the fund is the cumulative market value of the assets of the fund net 
of its liabilities. NAV per unit is simply the net value of assets divided by the number of units 
outstanding. Buying and selling into funds is done on the basis of NAV-related prices.
The NAV of a mutual fund are required to be published in newspapers. The NAV of an open end 
scheme should be disclosed on a daily basis and the NAV of a close end scheme should be 
disclosed at least on a weekly basis.
MUTUAL FUNDS
Chapter 7
Introduction to Financial Markets
37
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