Notes: Child as a problem solver | Child Development and Pedagogy for CTET Preparation - CTET & State TET PDF Download

Traditionally, children have been viewed as passive listeners or mere recipients of information. However, modern teaching approaches recognize that a child is not just a passive receiver but an active learner. Children are problem-solvers and scientific investigators who require proper guidance throughout their learning journey. With the right support, they can achieve their full potential. In this process, teachers play a crucial and essential role in shaping their development.

Problem Solving 

• Problem-solving refers to finding solutions for tasks or situations that are complex, unclear, and involve some difficulties or obstacles. 
• It requires skills such as analysis, experience, and resourcefulness to identify what is important and what can be ignored. 

Examples of Problem Solving

• A doctor examining a lung X-ray needs to decide which unusual shapes are significant and which are not. 
• A store manager figuring out how to boost sales of a product must choose between lowering the price or increasing advertising. 

Stanley Gray's View on Problem Solving

•  Problem-solving involves rational thinking, as per Stanley Gray. 

Adult Intervention in Children's Problems

• When adults intervene in children's problems without invitation, they take ownership of the problem, leading to a win-lose situation. 
• Guiding children through problem-solving steps helps them learn to resolve issues independently, creating a win-win scenario. 

Levels of Problem Solving

• Some problems are easy and can be solved with little effort, while others are more complex. 

Elements of Problem Solving

• Problem: The issue that needs to be addressed. 
• Target: The desired outcome or solution. 
• Steps towards Target: The actions required to reach the target. 

Problem Solving Methods

• Step-based Problem Solving:. method that involves following specific steps to solve a problem. 
• Algorithm Method:. set of rules or processes used to solve a problem systematically. 
• Heuristic Method: Learning to solve problems through self-discovery and experience when faced with a challenging situation. 

Steps to be Followed in Problem-Solving 

• Identify or Define the Problematic Situation: Start by clearly identifying or defining the situation that needs to be addressed. 
• Generate Alternative Solutions: Think of all possible alternative solutions to the problem. 
• Evaluate the Viability of Alternatives: Check how feasible and practical each alternative solution is. 
• Make a Decision: Decide on the most suitable alternative solution. 
• Implement the Decision: Apply the chosen alternative solution. 
• Provide Feedback and Follow Up: After implementing the decision, provide feedback and follow up on the results. 
• Rectification and Repair Work: If necessary, carry out any rectification and repair work. 

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Types of Problems

• Ill-Structured Problems. These are problems where the nature of the issue is unclear. In such cases, it is difficult to identify a potential solution or even to define the problem accurately. 
• Well-Structured Problems. In contrast, well-structured problems have all their aspects clearly visible. The person attempting to solve these problems can assess the various elements involved effectively. 

Strategies to be Adopted During the Classroom for Problem-Solving 

Various Strategies for Teaching Problem-Solving to Students 

• Analyze the Problem. Begin by breaking down the problem into smaller parts to understand it better. Identify the key components and consider different methods for solving it. 
• Working Backward from the Final Solution. For clearly defined problems, start with the solution and work backward to uncover the steps taken to reach it. 
• Analogical Thinking. Use past experiences of solving similar problems to approach the current one. This method relies on finding similarities between the present problem and a previous one.

Child as a Problem-Solver 

• Young people face many challenges in life. 
• Students encounter various problems and need to learn how to deal with them. 
• Teachers play a crucial role in teaching students how to solve problems using their own understanding and skills. 

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Traits to be Developed in the Child as a Problem-Solver 

To nurture problem-solving skills in children, the following traits should be developed:

• Encouraging self-awareness and self-recognition.
• Helping them acknowledge their weaknesses and work on improvement.
• Promoting self-dependence and independence.
• Cultivating logical thinking and rationality.
• Enhancing their language and communication skills.
• Encouraging persistence by allowing multiple attempts to find solutions.
• Recognizing and rewarding their efforts in solving problems.
• Strengthening their ability to express thoughts effectively through language development.

Child as a Scientific Investigator 

Science and Child Development

• Science is based on reason, rationality, and realism. There is nothing fictional about it. 
• A scientific investigator needs to be rationally sound. 
• When we consider a child as a scientific investigator, it is essential that they can use reasoning and logic. 

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Traits to be Developed to Make a Child a Scientific Investigator

• Curiosity is a natural human trait, and when nurtured through the inquiry process, it provides children with direct feedback and personal experiences that help shape their understanding of the world. 
• A spirit of inquiry is crucial for children to acquire and comprehend scientific concepts effectively. 
• From a young age, children observe and question the phenomena in nature, displaying their curiosity and desire to learn. 
• Whether expressed verbally or through actions, these questions reflect an intense desire to know, marking the beginning of scientific investigation in students. 

To foster scientific investigation in children, certain traits need to be developed: 

• Persistence: This trait includes perseverance, patience, tenacity, thoroughness, and a singular focus. Persistence is essential not only during research but also through to publication. 
• Curiosity:. deep desire to know more and a reluctance to accept superficial explanations are vital for scientific progress. 
• Self-Motivation: While rare in most students, self-motivation significantly enhances effort and outcomes. Self-driven students tend to perform better than those who lack internal motivation. 
• Focus: The ability to identify the core issue among details and maintain concentration on it is crucial. Lack of focus leads to incompleteness, inefficiency, overlooking important details, and panicking in the face of setbacks. 
• Imagination: Imagination is essential for insight and everyday problem-solving. Most students are naturally imaginative, and when combined with willpower and a vision of what is achievable, it leads to positive outcomes. 
• Desire to Improve:. desire to improve can stimulate scientific insight by encouraging the exploration of various behaviors. Like curiosity, dissatisfaction can drive scientific progress. 
• Self-Confidence: Self-confidence encourages a willingness to face challenges and fosters constructive optimism. It is crucial for leading scientific disciplines in new productive directions rather than just following the majority. Self-confidence also helps in gaining acceptance for one’s opinions, regardless of external influences.