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Nutrition In Human Beings.. - Class 10 PDF Download
Any one can give me notes on nutrition in
human beings. Please it is urgent?
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*Nutrition in human beings takes place through parts like mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.
*The process of nutrition takes place through an alimentary canal which is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
*Complex foods should be converted to smaller ones by crushing the food with teeth and by the enzyme salivary amylase of saliva secreted by salivary glands.
*Salivary amylase breaks down starch which is a complex molecule into sugar.
As the canal lining is soft so food is made wet to make the passage smooth.
*The alimentary canal has different parts and the food should be moved in a regulated manner along the digestive tube so the food is processed properly in each part.
*The canal has muscles that contract rhythmically to push the food forward and this movement of food is called peristaltic movement which occurs all along the gut.
The food is taken to the stomach through the food pipe or oesophagus from mouth.
*The muscular wall of stomach mixes the food with more digestive juices secreted by the gastric glands present in the wall of the stomach.
*Gastric gland releases hydrochloric acid, a protein digesting enzyme called as pepsin, mucus.
*Enzyme pepsin acts on the food and hydrochloric acid facilitates the action of pepsin.
*Mucus protects the inner lining of the stomach from the action of acid under normal conditions.
*From stomach acidic food enters small intestine, the longest part of alimentary canal and this is regulated by sphincter muscle.
Complete digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fats take place in the small intestine by the secretions of liver and pancreas.
*Bile secreted by liver makes the acidic food alkaline and acts on large globules of fat into smaller globules so that the enzymes can act on easily.
*The process of breakdown of large fats globules into small globules which increases the efficiency of the pancreatic enzymes is called emulsification of fats.
*Pancreas secrete pancreatic juice which contains enzyme trypsin to break for digesting proteins, lipase for digesting emulsified fats.
*The walls of the small intestine contain glands secreting intestinal juice which converts finally complex carbohydrates into glucose, proteins to amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
*The inner wall of small intestine has finger like projections called villi which are richly supplied with blood vessels and these take absorbed food to all the cells of the body.
*The unabsorbed food is sent to the large intestine where more villi absorb water from this undigested material and the rest of the material is excreted from the body by anus.
*The excretion of waste materials by anus is regulated by the anal sphincters.
FAQs on Nutrition In Human Beings.. - Class 10
| 1. What is the importance of nutrition in human beings? |  |
Ans. Nutrition is essential for human beings as it provides the necessary energy and nutrients required for the proper functioning of the body. It helps in growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues, boosts the immune system, and supports overall health and well-being.
| 2. What are the different types of nutrients required by human beings? | |
Ans. Human beings require various types of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates provide energy, proteins are essential for growth and repair, fats provide insulation and energy storage, vitamins and minerals support various body functions, and water is necessary for hydration and bodily processes.
| 3. How does poor nutrition affect human health? | |
Ans. Poor nutrition can have detrimental effects on human health. It can lead to malnutrition, which can cause stunted growth, weakened immune system, increased susceptibility to diseases, and impaired cognitive function. Lack of specific nutrients can also result in deficiencies and various health problems.
| 4. What is the role of a balanced diet in maintaining nutrition? | |
Ans. A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining proper nutrition in human beings. It includes a variety of foods from different food groups in appropriate proportions. A balanced diet ensures the intake of all essential nutrients in adequate amounts, promoting good health, preventing deficiencies, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
| 5. How can individuals ensure they are getting proper nutrition? | |
Ans. To ensure proper nutrition, individuals should focus on consuming a balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. They should avoid excessive intake of processed foods, sugary beverages, and unhealthy snacks. Regular physical activity and proper hydration also contribute to overall nutritional well-being. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized guidance.
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