PPT: Environment & Natural Resources | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


Environment & Natural 
Resources
Page 2


Environment & Natural 
Resources
Introduction
Environmental challenges like land degradation, overfishing, and water pollution are deeply intertwined with global politics. 
These issues highlight critical questions of responsibility and power, demanding international cooperation and solutions.
1
Environmental 
Degradation
Land degradation, overfishing, 
and water pollution represent 
major global challenges
2
Political Dimension
These environmental issues are 
deeply connected to questions of 
global power dynamics
3
Global Cooperation
Addressing these challenges 
requires international partnership 
and collaborative solutions
Page 3


Environment & Natural 
Resources
Introduction
Environmental challenges like land degradation, overfishing, and water pollution are deeply intertwined with global politics. 
These issues highlight critical questions of responsibility and power, demanding international cooperation and solutions.
1
Environmental 
Degradation
Land degradation, overfishing, 
and water pollution represent 
major global challenges
2
Political Dimension
These environmental issues are 
deeply connected to questions of 
global power dynamics
3
Global Cooperation
Addressing these challenges 
requires international partnership 
and collaborative solutions
Environmental Concerns in Global Politics
Key Issues
The importance of environmental issues in global 
politics was solidified at the United Nations 
Conference on Environment and Development in Rio 
de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992.
International organisations, such as the United Nations 
Environment Programme (UNEP), started organising 
global conferences and conducting in-depth studies 
to achieve a more unified and effective response to 
environmental challenges.
Environmental Impact
Natural forests are being cut down, leading to climate 
change and the displacement of communities.
The ozone layer depletion threatens ecosystems and 
human health.
Coastal areas are becoming polluted due to activities 
on land that harm marine life.
Page 4


Environment & Natural 
Resources
Introduction
Environmental challenges like land degradation, overfishing, and water pollution are deeply intertwined with global politics. 
These issues highlight critical questions of responsibility and power, demanding international cooperation and solutions.
1
Environmental 
Degradation
Land degradation, overfishing, 
and water pollution represent 
major global challenges
2
Political Dimension
These environmental issues are 
deeply connected to questions of 
global power dynamics
3
Global Cooperation
Addressing these challenges 
requires international partnership 
and collaborative solutions
Environmental Concerns in Global Politics
Key Issues
The importance of environmental issues in global 
politics was solidified at the United Nations 
Conference on Environment and Development in Rio 
de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992.
International organisations, such as the United Nations 
Environment Programme (UNEP), started organising 
global conferences and conducting in-depth studies 
to achieve a more unified and effective response to 
environmental challenges.
Environmental Impact
Natural forests are being cut down, leading to climate 
change and the displacement of communities.
The ozone layer depletion threatens ecosystems and 
human health.
Coastal areas are becoming polluted due to activities 
on land that harm marine life.
Political Dimensions
Key Questions
Who is responsible for environmental damage? Who 
suffers the consequences? Who should take action?
Environmental damage is a global problem that 
needs political engagement from all countries.
Historical Context
Since the 1960s, awareness of environmental issues 
has gained political importance, especially with the 
release of "Limits to Growth" and the development 
of international environmental groups. Concepts like 
common property resources and the global 
commons are also examined.
Earth Summit 1992
Involving 170 nations, the summit revealed differing 
environmental priorities between the global North 
and South. It resulted in agreements on climate 
change, biodiversity, and forestry and established 
the Agenda 21 for sustainable development.
Criticism of Agenda 21
It has been criticised for placing economic growth 
over ecological protection, leading to debates in 
global environmental politics.
Page 5


Environment & Natural 
Resources
Introduction
Environmental challenges like land degradation, overfishing, and water pollution are deeply intertwined with global politics. 
These issues highlight critical questions of responsibility and power, demanding international cooperation and solutions.
1
Environmental 
Degradation
Land degradation, overfishing, 
and water pollution represent 
major global challenges
2
Political Dimension
These environmental issues are 
deeply connected to questions of 
global power dynamics
3
Global Cooperation
Addressing these challenges 
requires international partnership 
and collaborative solutions
Environmental Concerns in Global Politics
Key Issues
The importance of environmental issues in global 
politics was solidified at the United Nations 
Conference on Environment and Development in Rio 
de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992.
International organisations, such as the United Nations 
Environment Programme (UNEP), started organising 
global conferences and conducting in-depth studies 
to achieve a more unified and effective response to 
environmental challenges.
Environmental Impact
Natural forests are being cut down, leading to climate 
change and the displacement of communities.
The ozone layer depletion threatens ecosystems and 
human health.
Coastal areas are becoming polluted due to activities 
on land that harm marine life.
Political Dimensions
Key Questions
Who is responsible for environmental damage? Who 
suffers the consequences? Who should take action?
Environmental damage is a global problem that 
needs political engagement from all countries.
Historical Context
Since the 1960s, awareness of environmental issues 
has gained political importance, especially with the 
release of "Limits to Growth" and the development 
of international environmental groups. Concepts like 
common property resources and the global 
commons are also examined.
Earth Summit 1992
Involving 170 nations, the summit revealed differing 
environmental priorities between the global North 
and South. It resulted in agreements on climate 
change, biodiversity, and forestry and established 
the Agenda 21 for sustainable development.
Criticism of Agenda 21
It has been criticised for placing economic growth 
over ecological protection, leading to debates in 
global environmental politics.
The Protection of Global Commons
1
Commons 
Definition
Commons are 
resources shared by a 
community, not owned 
by anyone specifically, 
such as a common 
room, community 
center, park, or river.
2
Global 
Commons
Global commons are 
regions outside any 
single state's 
sovereignty, requiring 
international 
governance. Examples 
include: Earth's 
atmosphere, 
Antarctica, Ocean 
floor and Outer space
3
Cooperation 
Challenges
Cooperation over 
global commons is 
challenging due to 
difficulties in achieving 
consensus on 
environmental 
agendas and Vague 
scientific evidence 
and time frames.
4
Key Agreements
Significant 
agreements include: 
1959 Antarctic Treaty 
1987 Montreal Protocol 
1991 Antarctic 
Environmental 
Protocol
5
Ozone Layer
The ozone hole discovery in the 
mid-1980s highlighted both 
opportunities and challenges in 
addressing global environmental 
issues.
6
Outer Space
Outer space management is 
affected by North-South 
inequalities, with disparities in 
technology and industrial 
development.
7
Exploitation Impact
The benefits of exploitative 
activities in global commons are 
uneven, impacting present and 
future generations differently.