PPT: Human Memory | Psychology Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

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Human Memory
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Human Memory
Nature of Memory
Memory retains and accesses information 
based on needs.
Short-term memories include temporary 
information like phone numbers.
Long-term memories persist for years, such as 
basic math skills.
1
Encoding
Recording information as neural signals 
when attention is captured, assigning 
meaning to inputs.
2
Storage
Maintaining encoded information.
3
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when 
needed.
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Human Memory
Nature of Memory
Memory retains and accesses information 
based on needs.
Short-term memories include temporary 
information like phone numbers.
Long-term memories persist for years, such as 
basic math skills.
1
Encoding
Recording information as neural signals 
when attention is captured, assigning 
meaning to inputs.
2
Storage
Maintaining encoded information.
3
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when 
needed.
Information Processing Approach: The Stage 
Model
The Stage Model compares memory to computer processing, with information flowing through three 
stages: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. This framework was first proposed by Atkinson 
and Shiffrin in 1968.
Computer Analogy
Like computers processing 
data through input, 
processing, and storage, our 
brains handle information 
through similar sequential 
stages.
Sequential Processing
Information moves from 
sensory input through short-
term processing before 
potentially becoming stored 
in long-term memory.
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Their 1968 model 
revolutionized memory 
understanding by proposing 
distinct memory systems 
with different 
characteristics.
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Human Memory
Nature of Memory
Memory retains and accesses information 
based on needs.
Short-term memories include temporary 
information like phone numbers.
Long-term memories persist for years, such as 
basic math skills.
1
Encoding
Recording information as neural signals 
when attention is captured, assigning 
meaning to inputs.
2
Storage
Maintaining encoded information.
3
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when 
needed.
Information Processing Approach: The Stage 
Model
The Stage Model compares memory to computer processing, with information flowing through three 
stages: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. This framework was first proposed by Atkinson 
and Shiffrin in 1968.
Computer Analogy
Like computers processing 
data through input, 
processing, and storage, our 
brains handle information 
through similar sequential 
stages.
Sequential Processing
Information moves from 
sensory input through short-
term processing before 
potentially becoming stored 
in long-term memory.
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Their 1968 model 
revolutionized memory 
understanding by proposing 
distinct memory systems 
with different 
characteristics.
Memory Systems: Sensory, Short-Term and 
Long-Term Memories
The Stage Model identifies three memory systems that process information through encoding, storage, and 
retrieval:
Sensory Memory
First storage for incoming 
information
High capacity but very 
brief duration (less than 
one second)
Captures detailed sensory 
impressions before they 
fade
Short-term Memory
Holds focused information 
for approximately 30 
seconds
Limited capacity, primarily 
stores sound-based 
encoding
Long-term Memory
Stores information 
semantically with vast 
capacity
Information remains stored 
but may become difficult to 
retrieve
Page 5


Human Memory
Nature of Memory
Memory retains and accesses information 
based on needs.
Short-term memories include temporary 
information like phone numbers.
Long-term memories persist for years, such as 
basic math skills.
1
Encoding
Recording information as neural signals 
when attention is captured, assigning 
meaning to inputs.
2
Storage
Maintaining encoded information.
3
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when 
needed.
Information Processing Approach: The Stage 
Model
The Stage Model compares memory to computer processing, with information flowing through three 
stages: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. This framework was first proposed by Atkinson 
and Shiffrin in 1968.
Computer Analogy
Like computers processing 
data through input, 
processing, and storage, our 
brains handle information 
through similar sequential 
stages.
Sequential Processing
Information moves from 
sensory input through short-
term processing before 
potentially becoming stored 
in long-term memory.
Atkinson & Shiffrin
Their 1968 model 
revolutionized memory 
understanding by proposing 
distinct memory systems 
with different 
characteristics.
Memory Systems: Sensory, Short-Term and 
Long-Term Memories
The Stage Model identifies three memory systems that process information through encoding, storage, and 
retrieval:
Sensory Memory
First storage for incoming 
information
High capacity but very 
brief duration (less than 
one second)
Captures detailed sensory 
impressions before they 
fade
Short-term Memory
Holds focused information 
for approximately 30 
seconds
Limited capacity, primarily 
stores sound-based 
encoding
Long-term Memory
Stores information 
semantically with vast 
capacity
Information remains stored 
but may become difficult to 
retrieve
Levels of Processing
Craik and Lockhart's 1972 levels of processing view proposes that how we perceive, analyze, 
and understand new information determines its retention. The theory emphasizes that deeper 
information processing leads to better memory retention.
Shallow Processing
Focuses on physical 
features like letter shapes 
or ink color in words.
Intermediate Processing
Involves phonetic analysis, 
focusing on the sounds 
associated with letters and 
words.
Deep Processing
Semantic processing that 
analyzes meaning and 
connects information to 
existing knowledge and 
experiences.