PPT: International Organisations | Political Science Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


International 
Organisations
Page 2


International 
Organisations
Why International Organisations?
Importance of the UN
The UN is generally regarded 
as the most important 
international organisation in 
today's world. In the eyes of 
many people all over the 
world, it is indispensable and 
represents the great hope of 
humanity for peace and 
progress.
Role in Conflict 
Resolution
International organisations 
help with matters of war and 
peace. They help countries 
cooperate to make better 
living conditions for us all. 
Countries can discuss 
contentious issues and find 
peaceful solutions without 
going to war.
Facilitating 
Cooperation
International organisations 
help nations cooperate on 
issues that require global 
collaboration, such as 
disease eradication and 
climate change. They provide 
mechanisms, rules and 
bureaucracy to ensure fair 
cost sharing and adherence 
to agreements.
Page 3


International 
Organisations
Why International Organisations?
Importance of the UN
The UN is generally regarded 
as the most important 
international organisation in 
today's world. In the eyes of 
many people all over the 
world, it is indispensable and 
represents the great hope of 
humanity for peace and 
progress.
Role in Conflict 
Resolution
International organisations 
help with matters of war and 
peace. They help countries 
cooperate to make better 
living conditions for us all. 
Countries can discuss 
contentious issues and find 
peaceful solutions without 
going to war.
Facilitating 
Cooperation
International organisations 
help nations cooperate on 
issues that require global 
collaboration, such as 
disease eradication and 
climate change. They provide 
mechanisms, rules and 
bureaucracy to ensure fair 
cost sharing and adherence 
to agreements.
Evolution of the UN
1
League of 
Nations
The First World 
War encouraged 
the creation of an 
international 
organisation to 
deal with conflict. 
The League of 
Nations was born 
but could not 
prevent World 
War II.
2
Founding of 
the UN
The UN was 
established in 
1945 immediately 
after the Second 
World War. It was 
founded with 51 
member states to 
prevent 
international 
conflict and 
facilitate 
cooperation.
3
Growth and 
Structure
By 2011, the UN 
had 193 member 
states. It includes 
the General 
Assembly, 
Security Council 
with 5 permanent 
members, and 
various agencies 
like WHO, UNDP , 
UNHRC, UNICEF, 
and UNESCO.
4
Current 
Leadership
The present 
Secretary-General 
is António 
Guterres, who 
took office on 1 
January 2017. He 
is the ninth 
Secretary-General 
of the UN.
Page 4


International 
Organisations
Why International Organisations?
Importance of the UN
The UN is generally regarded 
as the most important 
international organisation in 
today's world. In the eyes of 
many people all over the 
world, it is indispensable and 
represents the great hope of 
humanity for peace and 
progress.
Role in Conflict 
Resolution
International organisations 
help with matters of war and 
peace. They help countries 
cooperate to make better 
living conditions for us all. 
Countries can discuss 
contentious issues and find 
peaceful solutions without 
going to war.
Facilitating 
Cooperation
International organisations 
help nations cooperate on 
issues that require global 
collaboration, such as 
disease eradication and 
climate change. They provide 
mechanisms, rules and 
bureaucracy to ensure fair 
cost sharing and adherence 
to agreements.
Evolution of the UN
1
League of 
Nations
The First World 
War encouraged 
the creation of an 
international 
organisation to 
deal with conflict. 
The League of 
Nations was born 
but could not 
prevent World 
War II.
2
Founding of 
the UN
The UN was 
established in 
1945 immediately 
after the Second 
World War. It was 
founded with 51 
member states to 
prevent 
international 
conflict and 
facilitate 
cooperation.
3
Growth and 
Structure
By 2011, the UN 
had 193 member 
states. It includes 
the General 
Assembly, 
Security Council 
with 5 permanent 
members, and 
various agencies 
like WHO, UNDP , 
UNHRC, UNICEF, 
and UNESCO.
4
Current 
Leadership
The present 
Secretary-General 
is António 
Guterres, who 
took office on 1 
January 2017. He 
is the ninth 
Secretary-General 
of the UN.
Reform of the UN after the Cold War
1
Changing World Order
Collapse of Soviet Union, US as strongest power
2
Emerging Powers
Rise of China and India
3
New Member States
Many new countries joined the UN
4
New Global Challenges
T errorism, nuclear proliferation, climate change
5
Need for UN Reform
Structures, processes, and priorities
After the Cold War, there were demands for reform of the UN to better reflect new global realities. 
Reforms focused on the organisation's structures, processes, and the issues within its jurisdiction. 
However, there is little consensus on the nature and implementation of these reforms.
Page 5


International 
Organisations
Why International Organisations?
Importance of the UN
The UN is generally regarded 
as the most important 
international organisation in 
today's world. In the eyes of 
many people all over the 
world, it is indispensable and 
represents the great hope of 
humanity for peace and 
progress.
Role in Conflict 
Resolution
International organisations 
help with matters of war and 
peace. They help countries 
cooperate to make better 
living conditions for us all. 
Countries can discuss 
contentious issues and find 
peaceful solutions without 
going to war.
Facilitating 
Cooperation
International organisations 
help nations cooperate on 
issues that require global 
collaboration, such as 
disease eradication and 
climate change. They provide 
mechanisms, rules and 
bureaucracy to ensure fair 
cost sharing and adherence 
to agreements.
Evolution of the UN
1
League of 
Nations
The First World 
War encouraged 
the creation of an 
international 
organisation to 
deal with conflict. 
The League of 
Nations was born 
but could not 
prevent World 
War II.
2
Founding of 
the UN
The UN was 
established in 
1945 immediately 
after the Second 
World War. It was 
founded with 51 
member states to 
prevent 
international 
conflict and 
facilitate 
cooperation.
3
Growth and 
Structure
By 2011, the UN 
had 193 member 
states. It includes 
the General 
Assembly, 
Security Council 
with 5 permanent 
members, and 
various agencies 
like WHO, UNDP , 
UNHRC, UNICEF, 
and UNESCO.
4
Current 
Leadership
The present 
Secretary-General 
is António 
Guterres, who 
took office on 1 
January 2017. He 
is the ninth 
Secretary-General 
of the UN.
Reform of the UN after the Cold War
1
Changing World Order
Collapse of Soviet Union, US as strongest power
2
Emerging Powers
Rise of China and India
3
New Member States
Many new countries joined the UN
4
New Global Challenges
T errorism, nuclear proliferation, climate change
5
Need for UN Reform
Structures, processes, and priorities
After the Cold War, there were demands for reform of the UN to better reflect new global realities. 
Reforms focused on the organisation's structures, processes, and the issues within its jurisdiction. 
However, there is little consensus on the nature and implementation of these reforms.
Reform of Structures and Processes
Security Council Representation
Complaints that the Security Council no longer 
represents contemporary political realities and 
lacks equitable representation.
Proposed Criteria for New Members
Suggestions include economic power, military 
power, UN budget contribution, population 
size, respect for democracy and human rights, 
and geographical representation.
Veto Power Debate
Discussions on abolishing or modifying the veto 
power of permanent members, which is seen by 
some as conflicting with concepts of democracy 
and sovereign equality.
Balancing Representation
Challenges in determining how to balance 
representation by geography, economic 
development, or cultural diversity.