PPT: The Clause | English Grammar Basic - Class 10 PDF Download

 Page 1


What is a clause?
• A clause is a part of a sentence.
• A clause is a group of words that has subject and predicate. Every complete 
sentence is made up of at least one or more clause(s). Following are clause 
examples:-
• John bought a new car. (One sentence, one clause)
• John bought a new car, but he is using his old car. (One sentence, two 
clauses)
Page 2


What is a clause?
• A clause is a part of a sentence.
• A clause is a group of words that has subject and predicate. Every complete 
sentence is made up of at least one or more clause(s). Following are clause 
examples:-
• John bought a new car. (One sentence, one clause)
• John bought a new car, but he is using his old car. (One sentence, two 
clauses)
Types of Clauses
• Every clause has at least a subject and a verb. Clauses have some 
characteristics that help to distinguish one type of clause from another. 
Clauses are of following types:-
• Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• Relative Clauses (Adjective Clause)
• Noun Clauses
Page 3


What is a clause?
• A clause is a part of a sentence.
• A clause is a group of words that has subject and predicate. Every complete 
sentence is made up of at least one or more clause(s). Following are clause 
examples:-
• John bought a new car. (One sentence, one clause)
• John bought a new car, but he is using his old car. (One sentence, two 
clauses)
Types of Clauses
• Every clause has at least a subject and a verb. Clauses have some 
characteristics that help to distinguish one type of clause from another. 
Clauses are of following types:-
• Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• Relative Clauses (Adjective Clause)
• Noun Clauses
Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• An independent (or main clause) is a complete sentence. It contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete thought in context and meaning. It expresses a complete thought.
• Independent clause structure: Subject + Verb = Complete Thought.
• For example: She walked. (This sentence contains only two words but it is still complete
because it has subject and predicate)
• Main clauses can be joined by a coordinating conjunction to form complex or compound
sentences.
• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, for, nor, or, yet
• For example: He bought new car but he is still using old one. "but" is used to combine two
independent clauses.
Page 4


What is a clause?
• A clause is a part of a sentence.
• A clause is a group of words that has subject and predicate. Every complete 
sentence is made up of at least one or more clause(s). Following are clause 
examples:-
• John bought a new car. (One sentence, one clause)
• John bought a new car, but he is using his old car. (One sentence, two 
clauses)
Types of Clauses
• Every clause has at least a subject and a verb. Clauses have some 
characteristics that help to distinguish one type of clause from another. 
Clauses are of following types:-
• Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• Relative Clauses (Adjective Clause)
• Noun Clauses
Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• An independent (or main clause) is a complete sentence. It contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete thought in context and meaning. It expresses a complete thought.
• Independent clause structure: Subject + Verb = Complete Thought.
• For example: She walked. (This sentence contains only two words but it is still complete
because it has subject and predicate)
• Main clauses can be joined by a coordinating conjunction to form complex or compound
sentences.
• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, for, nor, or, yet
• For example: He bought new car but he is still using old one. "but" is used to combine two
independent clauses.
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is part of a sentence; it contains a
subject and verb but does not convey complete sense. They can make sense
on their own, but, they are dependent on the rest of the sentence for context
and meaning. A dependent clause is joined to an independent clause to form
a complex sentence. It often starts with a subordinating conjunction.
Page 5


What is a clause?
• A clause is a part of a sentence.
• A clause is a group of words that has subject and predicate. Every complete 
sentence is made up of at least one or more clause(s). Following are clause 
examples:-
• John bought a new car. (One sentence, one clause)
• John bought a new car, but he is using his old car. (One sentence, two 
clauses)
Types of Clauses
• Every clause has at least a subject and a verb. Clauses have some 
characteristics that help to distinguish one type of clause from another. 
Clauses are of following types:-
• Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• Relative Clauses (Adjective Clause)
• Noun Clauses
Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
• An independent (or main clause) is a complete sentence. It contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete thought in context and meaning. It expresses a complete thought.
• Independent clause structure: Subject + Verb = Complete Thought.
• For example: She walked. (This sentence contains only two words but it is still complete
because it has subject and predicate)
• Main clauses can be joined by a coordinating conjunction to form complex or compound
sentences.
• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, for, nor, or, yet
• For example: He bought new car but he is still using old one. "but" is used to combine two
independent clauses.
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is part of a sentence; it contains a
subject and verb but does not convey complete sense. They can make sense
on their own, but, they are dependent on the rest of the sentence for context
and meaning. A dependent clause is joined to an independent clause to form
a complex sentence. It often starts with a subordinating conjunction.
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
• Dependent clause structure: Subordinate Conjunction + Subject + Verb = Incomplete Thought.
• Examples: Whenever I go to superstore, I buy chips.
• .
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
after although as because
before even if even though if
once provided that rather than so that
since though than that
until unless whenever when
whereas where whether while