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Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download

Q1: At the foot of a spillway, water flows at a depth of 23 cm with a velocity of 8.1 m/s, as shown in the figure.

Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)The flow enters as an M-3 profile in the long wide rectangular channel with bed slope = 1/1800 and Manning's n = 0.015. A hydraulic jump is formed at a certain distance from the foot of the spillway. Assume the acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s2. Just before the hydraulic jump, the depth of flow y1 (in m, round off to 2 decimal places) is _______    [2019, Set-1]
Ans:
0.41 to 0.43
Sol: 

Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)y = 0.23m
V = 8.1m/s
q = Vy = 0.23 x 8.1
= 1.863m3/s − m
S0 = 1/800
D = 0.015
yn = Normal depth of flow
R = y for wide rectangular channel
By Manning's equation

Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)


Q2: A confined aquifer of 15 m constant thickness is sandwiched between two aquicludes as shown in the figure.    [2019, Set-2]
Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)The heads indicated by two piezometers P and Q are 55.2 m and 34.1 m, respectively. The aquifer has a hydraulic conductivity of 80 m/ day and its effective porosity is 0.25 . If the distance between the piezometers is 2500 m, the time taken by the water to travel through the aquifer from piezometer location P to Q (in days, round off to 1 decimal place) is
Ans: 924 to 926
Sol:
Discharge velocity,
V = ki
Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
= 0.6752m/day
Porosity, n = 0.25
∴ Seepage velocity,

Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
= 2.7008m/day
Time taken = L/Vs
= 2500 / 2.7008 = 925.65days


Q3: If the path of an irrigation canal is below the bed level of a natural stream, the type of cross-drainage structure provided is    [2019, Set-1]
(a) Level crossing 
(b) Super passage
(c) Aqueduct
(d) Sluice gate

Ans: (b)
Sol:
Irrigation canal below the bed level of a natural stream
Super passage
Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)

Q1: Group I contains three broad classes of irrigation supply canal outlets. Group II presents hydraulic performance attributes.
Group I
P. Non-modular outlet
Q. Semi-modular outlet
R. Modular outlet
Group II
1. Outlet discharge depends on the water levels in both the supply canal as well as the receiving water course
2. Outlet discharge is fixed and is independent of the water levels in both the supply canal as well as the receiving water course
3. Outlet discharge depends only on the water level in the supply canal
The correct match of the items in Group I with the items in Group II is
(a) P-1; Q-2; R-3
(b) P-3; Q-1; R-2
(c) P-2; Q-3; R-1
(d) P-1; Q-3; R-2    [2017 : 2 Marks, Set-I]

Ans:  (d)

Non-modular outlet: These are the outlets whose discharge depends on the difference in water levels in the distributing channel and the water course. The discharge of such outlets, therefore, varies with the variation of the water levels in the distributing channel and the water course.

Semi-modular outlet: These are the outlets whose discharge varies with the variation of the water level in the distribution channel but it is independent of the water level in the water course, so long as the minimum working head required for their working is available.
Modular outlet: These are the outlets whose discharge is independent of the water levels in the distributing channel and the water course, within reasonable working limits. In other words modular outlets maintain a constant discharge irrespective of variation of the water levels in the distributing channel and the water course.

Q2: Profile of a weir on permeable foundation is shown in figure I and an elementary profile of upstream pile only case’ according to Khosla’s theory is shown in figure II. The uplift pressure heads at key points Q, R and S are 3.14 m, 2.75 m and 0 m, respectively (refer figure II)
Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)
What is the up lift pressure head at point P downstream of the weir (junction of floor and pile as shown in the figure-1)?    [2016 : 1 Mark, Set-Il]
(a) 2.75 m 
(b) 1.25 m
(c) 0.8 m
(d) Data not sufficient    

Ans: (b)
Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)

Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous | Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)

Q3: A conventional flow duration curve is a plot between 
(a) Flow and percentage time flow is exceeded
(b) Duration of flooding and ground level elevation
(c) Duration of water supply in a city and proportion of area receiving supply exceeding this duration
(d) Flow rate and duration of time taken to empty a reservoir at that flow rate    [2014: 1 Mark, Set-I]
Ans :
(a)

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FAQs on Past Year Questions: Theories of Seepage, Spillways & Miscellaneous - Topic wise GATE Past Year Papers for Civil Engineering - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What are the main theories of seepage in engineering practices?
Ans.The main theories of seepage in engineering include Darcy's Law, which describes the flow of fluid through porous media, and the concept of hydraulic gradients. Other important theories involve the application of potential flow theory and the use of seepage analysis methods, such as the finite element method, to predict seepage patterns and pressures in soil and rock.
2. How do spillways function in dam engineering?
Ans.Spillways are structures designed to safely release excess water from a dam during periods of high inflow, such as heavy rainfall or snowmelt. They function by channeling water away from the dam to prevent overtopping and structural failure. The design of a spillway includes considerations for flow capacity, energy dissipation, and the effects of backwater on upstream structures.
3. What are the types of spillways commonly used in hydraulic engineering?
Ans.Common types of spillways include overflow spillways (or weirs), side-channel spillways, and gated spillways. Each type has its specific applications and designs: overflow spillways allow water to flow over the dam's crest, while gated spillways utilize gates to control water release. Side-channel spillways divert water away from the main dam body.
4. What is the significance of seepage control in dam safety?
Ans.Seepage control is critical for dam safety as uncontrolled seepage can lead to internal erosion, soil saturation, and potential dam failure. Effective seepage management techniques, such as the use of filters, drainage systems, and monitoring systems, help maintain the integrity of the dam structure and protect surrounding ecosystems and communities.
5. How can engineers assess seepage through soils and rocks?
Ans.Engineers assess seepage through soils and rocks using various methods, including field tests like pump tests and piezometer measurements, as well as laboratory tests such as permeability tests and soil classification. Numerical modeling and simulation techniques are also employed to predict seepage behavior and evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
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