Plant Kingdom PPT Biology Class 11

 Page 1


BIOLOGY CLASS XI,CHAPTER-03
Page 2


BIOLOGY CLASS XI,CHAPTER-03
? 1.ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM
? 2.NATURAL SYSTEM
? 3.PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM
? 4.PHENETIC SYSTEM
Page 3


BIOLOGY CLASS XI,CHAPTER-03
? 1.ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM
? 2.NATURAL SYSTEM
? 3.PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM
? 4.PHENETIC SYSTEM
? The earliest systems of classification used only
gross superficial morphological characters such
as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves,
etc.
? They were based mainly on vegetative
characters or on the androecium structure
(system given by Linnaeus). Such systems were
artificial system of classification.
? They separated the closely related species since
they were based on a few characteristics.
? Also, the artificial systems gave equal weightage
to vegetative and sexual characteristics; this is
not acceptable since we know that often the
vegetative characters are more easily affected
byenvironment.
Page 4


BIOLOGY CLASS XI,CHAPTER-03
? 1.ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM
? 2.NATURAL SYSTEM
? 3.PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM
? 4.PHENETIC SYSTEM
? The earliest systems of classification used only
gross superficial morphological characters such
as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves,
etc.
? They were based mainly on vegetative
characters or on the androecium structure
(system given by Linnaeus). Such systems were
artificial system of classification.
? They separated the closely related species since
they were based on a few characteristics.
? Also, the artificial systems gave equal weightage
to vegetative and sexual characteristics; this is
not acceptable since we know that often the
vegetative characters are more easily affected
byenvironment.
? Based on natural affinities among the
organisms and consider not only the external
features, but also internal features, like
ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and
phytochemistry.
? Such a classification for flowering plants was
given by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton
Hooker.
Page 5


BIOLOGY CLASS XI,CHAPTER-03
? 1.ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM
? 2.NATURAL SYSTEM
? 3.PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM
? 4.PHENETIC SYSTEM
? The earliest systems of classification used only
gross superficial morphological characters such
as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves,
etc.
? They were based mainly on vegetative
characters or on the androecium structure
(system given by Linnaeus). Such systems were
artificial system of classification.
? They separated the closely related species since
they were based on a few characteristics.
? Also, the artificial systems gave equal weightage
to vegetative and sexual characteristics; this is
not acceptable since we know that often the
vegetative characters are more easily affected
byenvironment.
? Based on natural affinities among the
organisms and consider not only the external
features, but also internal features, like
ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and
phytochemistry.
? Such a classification for flowering plants was
given by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton
Hooker.
? At present phylogenetic classification
systems based on evolutionary relationships
between the various organisms are
acceptable.
? This assumes that organisms belonging to the
same taxa have a common ancestor.
? These become more important when there is
no supporting fossil evidence.
? This system are given by Engler, Hutchinson
and modern by Takhtajan and Cronquist.