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North America

  • North America is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Gulf of Mexico in the south, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic Ocean in the north.
  • To the north, it is separated from the easternmost tip of Siberia by the Bering Strait.

Size: Third largest continent after Asia and Africa.

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Important Seas, Bays and Gulfs

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Important Straits

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

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Important Lakes of North America

1. Great Bear Lake: Lake of North West Territories through which Arctic Circle pass. At Port Radium valuable deposits of pitchblende exist.
2. Great Slave Lake: Lake lies in the North West Territories of Canada. On the shore copper and gold are worked.
3. Athabasca Lake: Uranium city lies on the north shore of the lake, where pitch-blende is found.
4. Reindeer Lake: Water flows north-eastwards to Hudson Bay via the Churchill River.
5. Lake Winnipeg: Lake of Manitoba is a remnant of glacial Lake Agassiz Saskatchewan River drains into the lake. Also, the water flows north-eastwards and Hudson Bay via the Nelson River.
Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE6. Great Lakes (HOMES)
(i) L. Superior (S)
(ii) L. Michigan (M)
(iii) L. Huron (H)
(iv) L. Erie (E)
(v) L. Ontario (O)

Information: Connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the St. Lawrence Seaway, to the Gulf of Mexico via the Illinois waterway and the Mississippi River, and to New York through the Hudson River

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

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Important Rivers of North America

Rivers of Canada

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSEPoints to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Rivers of USA

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

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Important Mountain Ranges of North America

Brook’s Range

  • Located in Northern Alaska. Extends in the east-west direction and is a continuation of the Rocky.

The Alaska and Aleutian Ranges

  • Terminate in the Aleutian Islands, are part of the Pacific Mountain Systems.
  • Mount McKinley (6194 m) is the highest peak of North America is in the Alaska Range.

Western Cordillera

They are made up of three almost parallel ranges, running north to south.

(i) The Coast Mountains

  • Mount Logan (6050 m) in the Yukon Territory (Canada) is the second-highest peak in North America.

(ii) (a) Cascade Range

  • East of Coast Mountain, running from northern California to Washington.
  • Mount Whitney (4418 m) is the highest peak of the USA.

(b) The Sierra Nevada

  • From south of Cascade Range to southern California along the Pacific coast.

(iii) The Rocky Mountains

  • Lies east of the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada, running from Alaska to Mexico and is over 4000 m.
  • It is the easternmost and is the highest range among the western Cordilleras.
  • West of the Rockies lies a region of tablelands, basins, canyons and deserts.

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

Important Plateaus and Basins

Distribution of North American Plateau IndiansDistribution of North American Plateau Indians

Points to remember: North America | Geography for UPSC CSE

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FAQs on Points to remember: North America - Geography for UPSC CSE

1. What are some important seas, bays, and gulfs in North America?
2. What are some important straits in North America?
Ans. Some important straits in North America include the Strait of Magellan, which separates mainland South America from Tierra del Fuego in Argentina and Chile, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which separates Vancouver Island from the mainland of British Columbia in Canada and Washington state in the United States, and the Bering Strait, which separates Asia from North America.
3. What are some important lakes in North America?
Ans. Some important lakes in North America include Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario, collectively known as the Great Lakes. Other important lakes include the Great Slave Lake in Canada, Lake Winnipeg in Canada, and Lake Okeechobee in Florida, United States.
4. What are some important rivers in North America?
Ans. Some important rivers in North America include the Mississippi River, which flows through the United States and forms part of its border with Mexico, the Amazon River, which flows through South America but has its origin in Peru, the Colorado River, which flows through the southwestern United States and forms the Grand Canyon, and the Mackenzie River, which is the longest river in Canada.
5. What are some important mountain ranges in North America?
Ans. Some important mountain ranges in North America include the Rocky Mountains, which stretch from Canada to the United States and Mexico, the Appalachian Mountains, which run along the eastern coast of the United States and Canada, the Sierra Nevada Mountains, which are located in California and Nevada, and the Cascade Range, which extends from northern California to British Columbia in Canada.
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