Present Indefinite Tense | English Grammar Advanced - Class 10 PDF Download

Definition: Those sentences which denote a habit, a universal fact or experience are in the simple present tense. The simple present tense indicates that an action is present. Generally, it is used for factual or habitual actions – things which occur in the present but are not necessarily occurring now. The simple present tense is also used to denote events that are scheduled to happen – either by nature or by people.

Simple Present Tense Formula for First Person Singular

The formula for simple present tense when the First Person is Singular is that the sentence starts with ‘I’, then a verb in its base form, followed by an object which is optional. So, we can say that the formula for simple present tense for First Person Singular is as follows: ‘I’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for simple present tense when the First Person is Singular:

1) I study hard for exams.
मैं परीक्षा के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करता हूँ।

2) I go to work every day.
मैं हर रोज़ काम पर जाता हूँ।

3) I sleep late on Saturdays.

मैं शनिवार को देर से सोता हूँ।

4) I watch a movie every week.
मैं हर हफ्ते एक फिल्म देखता हूँ।

5) I swim on Sundays.
मैं रविवार को तैरता हूँ।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does not before the basic form of the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

‘I’ + do/ does not + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Person is Singular:

1) I do not study hard for exams.
मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करता  हूं।

2) I do not go to work everyday.
मैं रोज काम पर नहीं जाता हूं।

3) I do not sleep late on Saturdays.
मैं शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोता हूं।

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and the rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?). 

Do/ Does + ‘I’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Person is Singular:

1) Do I study hard for exams?
क्या मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करता हूं?

2) Do I go to work everyday?
क्या मैं रोज़ काम पर जाता हूँ?

3) Do I sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या मैं शनिवार को देर से सोता हूँ?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and ‘not’ after the subject. The rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + ‘I’ + ‘not’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of negative interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Person is Singular:

1) Do I not study hard for exams?
क्या मैं परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करता हूं?

2) Do I not go to work everyday?
क्या मैं रोज़ काम पर नहीं जाता हूं?

3) Do I not sleep late on Saturday?
क्या मैं शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोता हूँ?

Simple Present Tense Formula for First Person Plural

The formula for simple present tense when the First Person is Plural is that the sentence starts with ‘We’, then a verb in its base form followed by an object which is optional.

So, we can say that the formula for simple present tense for First Person Plural is as follows: ‘We’+ verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for simple present tense when the First Person is Plural:

1) We study hard for exams.
हम परीक्षा के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करते हैं।

2) We go to work every day.
हम रोज काम पर जाते हैं।

3) We sleep late on Saturdays.
हम शनिवार को देर से सोते हैं।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does not before the basic form of the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

‘We’ + do/ does not + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Person is Plural:

1) We do not study hard for the exams.
हम परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करते हैं।

2) We do not go to work everyday.
हम रोज काम पर नहीं जाते।

3) We do not sleep late on Saturdays.
हम शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोते हैं।

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and the rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + ‘we’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the First Person is Plural:

1) Do we study hard for the exams?
क्या हम परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करते हैं?

2) Do we go to work everyday?
क्या हम रोज़ काम पर जाते हैं?

3) Do we sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या हम शनिवार को देर से सोते हैं?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and ‘not’ after the subject. The rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + ‘we’ + ‘not’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of negative interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Person is Plural:

1) Do we not study hard for the exams?
क्या हम परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करते हैं?

2) Do we not go to work everyday?
क्या हम रोज़ काम पर नहीं जाते हैं?

3) Do we not sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या हम शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोते हैं?

Simple Present Tense Formula for Second Person

The formula for simple present tense when there is a Second Person involved are that the sentence starts with ‘you’, then a verb in its base form followed by an object which is optional. So, we can say that the formula for simple present tense when a Second Person is involved is as follows: ‘You’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for simple present tense when a Second Person is involved:

1) You study hard for exams.
आप परीक्षा के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करते हैं।

2) You go to work every day.
आप रोज काम पर जाते हैं।

3) You sleep late on Saturdays.
आप शनिवार को देर से सोते हैं।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does not before the basic form of the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

‘You’ + do/ does not + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when there is a second person:

1) You do not study hard for the exams.
आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करते हैं।

2) You do not go to work everyday.
आप रोज काम पर नहीं जाते हैं।

3) You do not sleep late on Saturdays.
शनिवार के दिन आप देर से नहीं सोते हैं।

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and the rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + ‘you’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when there is a second person involved:

1) Do you study hard for the exams?
क्या आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करते हैं?

2) Do you go to work everyday?
क्या आप रोज़ काम पर जाते हैं?

3) Do you sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या आप शनिवार को देर से सोते हैं?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and ‘not’ after the subject. The rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + ‘you’ + ‘not’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of negative interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when there is a Second Person Involved:

1) Do you not study hard for the exams?
क्या आप परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करते हैं?

2) Do you not go to work everyday?
क्या आप रोज़ काम पर नहीं जाते हैं?

3) Do you not sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या आप शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोते हैं ?

Simple Present Tense Formula for Third Person Singular

The formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is Singular is that the sentence starts with He, She, Common noun or proper noun, then a verb in its base form with added ‘s’ or ‘es’ according to the verb followed by an object which is optional.

So, we can say that the formula for simple present tense for Third Person Singular is as follows: 

He/ She/ Common Nouns/ Proper Nouns + verb (base form) with s/es at the end + object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is Singular:

1) He studies hard for exams.
वह परीक्षा के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करता है।

2) Father goes to work every day.
पिता हर दिन काम पर जाते हैं।

3) Ram sleeps late on Saturdays.
राम शनिवार को देर से सोता है।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does not before the basic form of the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

He/ She/ Proper Noun/ Common Noun + do/ does not + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is a Singular:

1) He does not study hard for exams.
वह परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करता है।

2) Father does not go to work everyday
पिता रोज काम पर नहीं जाते हैं।

3) Ram does not sleep late on Saturdays.
राम शनिवार के दिन देर से नहीं सोता है।

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and the rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + he/ she/ common noun/ proper noun + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is Singular:

1) Does he study hard for the exam?
क्या वह परीक्षा के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करता है?

2) Does father go to work everyday?
क्या पिता रोज काम पर जाता है?

3) Does Ram sleep late on Satudays?
क्या राम शनिवार को देर से सोता है ?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and ‘not’ after the subject. The rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + he/ she/ proper noun/ common noun + ‘not’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of negative interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is a Singular:

1) Does he not study hard for the exam?
क्या वह परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करता है?

2) Does father not go to work everyday?
क्या पिता रोज काम पर नहीं जाते?

3) Does Ram not sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या राम शनिवार को देर से नहीं सोता है?

Simple Present Tense Formula for Third Person Plural

The formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is Plural are that the sentence starts with ‘They’ or common nouns, then a verb in its base form followed by an object which is optional. So, we can say that the formula for simple present tense for Third Person Plural is as follows: They/ Common Nouns + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some example sentences with formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is Plural:

1) They study hard for exams.
वे परीक्षा के लिए कड़ी मेहनत करते हैं।

2) Boys go to work every day.
लड़के रोज काम पर जाते हैं।

3) They sleep late on Saturdays.
वे शनिवार को देर से सोते हैं।

For converting these sentences into negative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does not before the basic form of the verb and the rest of the rule remains the same.

They/ common noun + do/ does not + verb (base form) + object (optional)

Let us see some examples of negative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is a Plural:

1) They do not study hard for the exams.
वे परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करते हैं।

2) Boys do not go to work everyday.
लड़के रोज काम पर नहीं जाते।

3) They do not sleep late on Saturdays.
वे शनिवार की देर से नहीं सोते हैं।

For converting these sentences into interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and the rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + They/common noun + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is Plural:

1) Do they study hard for the exams?
क्या वे परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन करते हैं?

2) Do boys go to work everyday?
क्या लड़के रोज़ काम पर जाते हैं?

3) Do they sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या वे शनिवार को देर से सोते हैं?

For converting these sentences into negative interrogative sentences the formula is that you add do/ does at the starting of the sentence and ‘not’ after the subject. The rest of the rule remains the same. The sentence ends with a question mark (?).

Do/ Does + They/ common noun + ‘not’ + verb (base form) + object (optional)?

Let us see some examples of negative interrogative sentences with the formula for simple present tense when the Third Person is a Plural:

1) Do they not study hard for the exams?
क्या वे परीक्षा के लिए कठिन अध्ययन नहीं करते हैं?

2) Do boys not go to work everyday?
क्या लड़के रोज काम पर नहीं जाते?

3) Do they not sleep late on Saturdays?
क्या उन्हें शनिवार को देर रात नींद नहीं आती है?

Q. Translate the following sentences using the correct form of Simple present tense and check with the answers that follow:-
1. मैं एक आम खाता हूँ।
2. वह पाठ याद करता है।
3. धोबी कपड़े इस्त्री करता है।
4. विद्यार्थी शोर मचाते हैं
5. मोहन  क्रिकेट खेलता है।

Answers:

1. I eat a mango.
2. He learns the lesson.
3. Dhobi irons clothes.
4. Students make noise.
5. Mohan plays cricket?