Q1: Suggest any two measures to remove gender inequality.
Ans: Increase women's education and enforce equal pay for equal work.
Explanation:
Promote Women's Education:
Enforce Equal Pay for Equal Work:
Q2: Suggest any two measures to increase the number of women in legislatures of India.
Or
Suggest any two measures to ensure participation of women in public life.
Ans: Introduce reservation of seats for women and provide leadership training programs.
Explanation:
Reservation of Seats for Women:
Leadership Training Programs:
Q3: Suggest any two measures to prevent violence against women.
Ans: Strengthen legal enforcement and promote gender sensitization programs.
Explanation:
Strengthen Legal Enforcement:
Promote Gender Sensitization Programs:
Q4: Suggest any two measures to promote secularism as mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
Ans: Ensure equal treatment of all religions and promote interfaith dialogue.
Explanation:
Ensure Equal Treatment of All Religions:
Promote Interfaith Dialogue:
Q5: In which year was the Constitution amendment providing for 33% representation of women in the local self-governance system in India made? Choose the correct option:
(a) 1990
(b) 1984
(c) 1992
(d) 1988
Ans: (c) 1992
Explanation:
Q6: How did the feminist movements help to enhance the role of women in public life? Explain.
Ans: Feminist movements raised awareness about women’s rights and pushed for legal reforms to increase women’s participation in public life.
Explanation:
Raising Awareness About Women’s Rights:
Pushing for Legal Reforms:
Ans: In India, the number of women involved in politics has significantly increased in the past few years. The increasing number of women running for office, holding elected positions, and actively participating in decision-making processes at all levels of government is evidence of this growing trend.
Ans: (a)
Q3: "Women face discrimination in various ways in our society" Explain any two ways. (CBSE 2023)
Ans: Two ways in which women face discrimination in our society are:
Q4: Which one of the following matters do not deal with the 'Family Laws?' (2023)
(a) Marriage
(b) Adoption
(c) Inheritance
(d) Finance
Ans: (d)
Family laws typically cover personal matters related to family life, such as marriage, adoption, and inheritance. These laws focus on how families are structured and how issues like property and custody are handled. However, finance relates to money management and economic matters, which are not specifically included in family laws, making it the correct answer.
Q5: How has caste system in modern India undergone great change? Explain. (2023)
Ans: Partly due to the efforts of political leaders and social reformers like Jotiba Phula, Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedkar etc. and partly due to other socio-economic changes castes and caste system in modern India have undergone great changes.
(i) With the economic development, large scale urbanisation, growth of literacy and education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down.
(ii) Now, most of the times, in urban areas it does not matter much who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant.
(iii) The Constitution of India also prohibits any caste based discrimination and lays down the foundations of policies to reverse the injustices of the caste system.
In spite of these changes yet caste has not disappeared from contemporary India. Some of the older aspects of caste have persisted.
Q6: Suggest any one way to protect women from domestic oppression. (2020)
Ans: Women can seek assistance from NGOs or the Mahila Aayog to protect themselves from domestic oppression.
Q7: Suggest any one way to pay equal wages to women in all areas of work as men. (2020)
Ans: Better implementation of 'Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 which provides equal wages to be paid to equal work.
Q8: What percentage of reservations is given to women in local administration in India? (2020)
Ans: 33% or one-third of reservation is given to women in local administration in India. This reservation is provided to ensure adequate representation of women in decision-making bodies at the grassroots level, such as Panchayats and Municipalities.
Q9: Suggest any one way to increase the participation of women in the legislative domain of India. (2020 C)
Ans: One way to solve this problem is to make it legally binding to have a fair proportion of women in the elected as well as nominated bodies.
Q10: Describe the problems of low representation of women in Indian legislature. (2020)
Ans:
Q11: Describe the ways of discrimination faced by women in India. (2020)
OR
"Women still lag much behind men in India despite some improvements since independence" Analyse the statement. (Delhi 2019)
Ans: In India, women continue to face significant disadvantages and discrimination despite some progress since Independence.
The following points highlight the various forms of inequality:
Q12: Suggest any one way to create communal harmony among various communities of India. (2020)
Ans: Spread awareness about unity and integrity.
Q13: Suggest any one way to change the 'family laws' of all religions. (CBSE 2020)
Ans: Enforcement of Dowry Prohibition Act can bring a remarkable change in the family law of all religions.
Q14: Fill in the blank: The Indian Constitution provides to all individuals and communities the freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion because of ____ . (2020)
Ans: The Indian Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion because of secularism. Secularism is one of the fundamental principles of the Indian Constitution, which ensures that the state remains neutral in matters of religion and treats all religions equally. This allows individuals and communities to freely exercise their religious beliefs without any discrimination or interference from the state.
Q15: Describe any three problems of communalism in Indian politics. (2020)
Ans: Problems of communalism in Indian politics:
Q16: Mention any three features of 'secularism’ described in the Indian Constitution. (2020)
OR
Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties, but it is one of the foundations of a country. Examine the statement. (2018)
Ans: The makers of our Constitution were aware of religion related challenge. That is why they chose the model of a secular state. The important provisions that makes India a secular state are:
(i) There is no official religion for the Indian states. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, that of Islam in Pakistan and that of Christianity in England, our Constitution does not give a special status to any religion.
(ii) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
(iii) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(iv) At the same time the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. For example, it bans untouchability.
Q17: 'Communalism can take various forms in politics'. Explain. (2020)
OR
What form does communalism take in politics? (2015)
Q18: "The caste system is still prevalent in Indian society.” Suggest any one measure to abolish it. (2020)
Ans: One measure to abolish caste system is increasing the literacy rates in our country.
Q19: "Sometimes elections are all about caste in India.” How can this situation be avoided? (2020)
Ans: Proper laws should be passed to separate elections from casteism.
Q20: Fill in the blank: Castes and Caste system in modern India have undergone a great change because____ . (2020)
Ans: Castes and Caste system in modern India have undergone a great change because
Q21: Describe the influence of Politics in the Caste system. (2020 C)
Ans: Politics significantly influences the caste system, but it is not the only factor at play.
In summary, while caste plays a role in politics, it interacts with various other factors that influence electoral outcomes.
Q22: Mention the problem of 'Casteism' in Indian politics. (2020)
Ans: Problems of casteism in India:
(i) There is discrimination between upper and lower castes. There is still a wide gap and difference between different castes.
(ii) Upper castes still enjoy respectable position in the society.
(iii) Political leaders contest election in the name of castes, for the vote bank.
Q23: "Gender division is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes." Support the statement. (2019 C, 2015)
Ans: (i) Gender division is a form of hierarchical social division based on social expectation and stereotypes.
(ii) Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibilities of women are house work and bringing up children.
(iii) There is a sexual division of labour in most families where women do all the household chores and men work outside the home.
(iv) Majority of women may do some paid work in addition of domestic labour both in rural and Urban areas but their work is not valued and does not get recognition.
Q24: Explain any five methods to raise the political representation of women in India. (AI 2019)
Ans: To enhance the political representation of women in India, several methods can be implemented:
Q25: "Politics and social divisions should not be allowed to mix.” Justify the statement. (AI 2019)
Ans: It is absolutely correct to say that politics and social divisions should not be allowed to mix. This is because:
Q26: Examine the different forms of ‘Casteism’ in Indian politics. (2019 C)
Ans: Different forms of casteism in Indian politics:
Q27: What does the term ‘Scheduled’ denote in ‘Scheduled castes’ and ‘Scheduled tribes’ ? (CBSE 2019)
Ans: These groups include hundreds of castes or tribes whose names are listed in an official Schedule in the Indian Constitution. Hence, they are called Scheduled.
Q28: Read the following information and write a single term for it. The Constitution of India provides freedom to profess and practice any religion to all its citizens. The Constitution of India prohibits discrimination on religious grounds.
Ans: The Constitution of India promotes secularism.
Q29: “The caste system is still prevalent in Indian society.” Suggest any one measure to abolish it. (CBSE 2019)
Ans: Casteism can be abolished by:
Q30: ‘‘Sexual division of labour is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes.’’ Support the statement. (CBSE 2019)
Ans: Sexual division is not based on biology. This can be supported by the following points:
Q31: “In India, women still lag behind men despite some improvement since Independence.” Support the statement with examples. (CBSE 2019, 13, 11)
Ans: In India, women lag behind men in various fields and sectors including political participation:
(1) Women legislators in our parliament are lower than in most of the other democracies. India is placed among the bottom few countries in the world.
(2) Women have less knowledge about their rights and duties as a citizen. The literacy rate of women is much lower than men in our country.
(3) They also face discrimination in terms of economic and social opportunity.
(4) The proportion of women working in influential positions in famous companies is comparatively lower than that of men.
(5) Women are paid less than their counterparts despite working equally hard.
Q32: Women face disadvantage, discrimination, and oppression in various ways even today. Assess the statement by giving five suitable arguments. (CBSE 2018)
Ans: (i) Education:
(a) Women are deprived of an equal access to education. Thus, the literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent as compared to 76 per cent among men.
(b) A smaller proportion of girl students go for higher education because in spite of their better performance parents prefer to spend their resources on son’s higher education.
(ii) The number of women on highly paid jobs is less than men.
(iii) In spite of the Equal Remuneration Act 1976, women are paid less than men even when both do exactly the same work.
(iv) Parents prefer sons and get girl child aborted before she is born. This has led to decline in child sex ratio to merely 919 (2011 census).
(v) Women are exploited by their employers. They are sexually assaulted and do not feel safe while travelling at night. They are subjected to various forms of domestic-violence such as beating and harassment.
Q33: What is a secular state? Explain factors that make India a secular state. (CBSE 2016-17)
Or
“Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country.” Examine the statement. (CBSE 2018)
Ans: (a) A secular state is a concept of secularism, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion. It grants equal status to all religions.
(b) (i) There is no official religion in India like Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(ii) The Constitution grants every individual freedom to profess, preach and practice their own religion.
(iii) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion.
(iv) The Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. For example it bans untouchability.
Thus, Our Constitution makers choose the model of a secular state. It is one of the foundations of our country.
Q34: Describe any three factors that are responsible for breaking down the caste system in India. (CBSE 2018)
Ans: Three factors that contribute to the breakdown of the caste system in India are:
Q35: Describe the solution provided by the Constitution framers of India to meet the challenge of communalism. (CBSE 2018)
Ans: The makers of our Constitution were aware of the challenge of communalism. The model of secular state was chosen to prevent these conflicts.
This choice was reflected in several constitutional provisions like:
(1) There is no official religion for the Indian state.
(2) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
(3) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion. (4) At the same time, the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities.
Ans: Gender division is a hierarchical social structure that is often seen as natural and unchangeable. However, it is primarily shaped by social expectations and stereotypes rather than biology.
Here are some key points:
Consequences of gender division include:
Q37: How can communalism take various forms in politics? Explain. (CBSE 2016-17)
Ans: (i) Majoritarian dominance: A majority community tries to dominate other communities in politics. This may compel the minority community to form a separate political unit. The example in Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia or India and Pakistan.
(ii) Religious appeals are made to voters to attract their votes. Sometimes sacred symbols and religious leaders are used to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena.
(iii) Sometimes communalism takes most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst communal riots at the time of the partition. Even after independence, riots on communal lines have taken place in India.
Q38: Explain the reasons for the decline of the caste system in India. (CBSE 2016-17)
Or
Assess the circumstances prevalent in contemporary India which are responsible for bringing about a change in the caste system.
Ans: The decline of the caste system in India can be attributed to several factors:
Q39: Discuss various forms of caste in politics. (CBSE 2016-17)
Ans: (i) At the time of election, parties select their candidates on the basis of caste of the voters in a constituency to muster support to win election.
(ii) At the time of formation of government or Council of Ministers, effort is made to have representatives from all castes and communities.
(iii) During election campaign, appeals are made to voters to caste their vote in favour of the candidate of their own caste.
(iv) Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person-one vote compelled political leaders to gear up to the task of mobilising and securing political support.
(v) Political parties are also formed on the basis of caste to attract the voters in the elections. The BSP in UP, DMK and AIADMK are examples o f such political parties.
Ans: Three such measures are:
(1) Women should be educated and made aware of their rights and responsibilities towards the society and the country.
(2) Women should be made self reliant and self independent.
(3) Women should be encouraged and promoted to positions of greater influence to encourage their participation.
Q41: Suppose a politician seeks your vote on religious grounds. Why is his act considered against the norms of democracy? Explain. (CBSE 2015)
Ans: His act is against the spirit of democracy as the said politician is not working as per the Constitution. This is also because:
(1) It also exploits the social difference.
(2) It may create social discard and may lead to social division.
(3) It is also biased and neglects the principle of equality.
Ans: The relationship between politics and religion can have both benefits and drawbacks:
Benefits:
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1. What are the key themes covered in the Class 10 Gender, Religion & Caste chapter? | ![]() |
2. How does the chapter explain the relationship between gender and social status? | ![]() |
3. What examples are provided in the chapter to illustrate caste discrimination? | ![]() |
4. How can understanding gender, religion, and caste contribute to social justice? | ![]() |
5. What are some suggested measures to promote equality in terms of gender, religion, and caste? | ![]() |