Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Previous Year Questions - Manufacturing Industries

Ans: 
(1) Products in the electronics sector range widely, from cell phones to televisions, and India's development in these products and services has been significantly shaped by the Information Technology (IT) and electronics industry.
(2) India's economy has changed and its GDP has increased dramatically as a result of the country's emergence as a major global center for IT, especially in cities like Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Pune.
(3) The IT industry has boosted India's reputation as a leading global technology destination and directly or indirectly generated millions of jobs. This growth was further accelerated by the "Make in India" initiative, which attracted foreign investments in the electronic sector and promoted domestic manufacturing.
(4) The rapidly expanding Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector in this industry has made it a significant source of foreign exchange earnings over the past two or three years.
(5) India's competitiveness in the international market has increased as a result of the growth of the information technology and electronics industry.

Ans: It is the only industry in the country, which is self- reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value-added products. Textile industries create demand for other industries such as chemicals, dyes, packaging materials and engineering works. Thus, it can be concluded that the textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy.

Ans: Three ways through which industrial pollution can be reduced are :
(i) Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
(ii) Waste and effluents should be recycled or treated through biological process and mechanical means.
(iii) By fitting suitable smoke screens in factories with electrostatic precipators, scrubbers etc.

Ans: The agro-industries give a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity: 
(1) These industries supply irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers which helps them grow more food. 
(2) Industries help in transporting the goods produced to the markets. They also consume these products themselves. 
(3) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture. They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

Ans: Iron and steel Industry called as the ‘basic industry' because it is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction materials, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipments and a variety of consumer goods.

Ans: Importance of cement industry are:
(i) It is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges etc.
(ii) With the increasing capital expenditure of the government, this industry plays a significant role in the i development and produces a variety of cement.

Ans: (i) NTPC is the major power providing corporation in India, which is expanded as National Thermal Power Corporation.
(ii) An ISO certification in India can be issued by a third party certification body that is accredited by the National Accreditation Board of certification.
(iii) (a) Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment,
(b) Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.
(c) Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation.

Ans: Industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced by taking the following measures: 
(1) Minimise the usage of water by reusing and recycling it through multiple successive stages. 
(2) Compulsory treatment of hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Ans: On the basis of raw materials, industries can be classified into the following:
(1) Agro-Based Industries
(2) Mineral Based Industries

Ans:
(i) The manufacturing sector provides the basic inputs to the agricultural sector. For example, industries providing tractors, harvesting machines, fertilizers, etc., that make the basic inputs for the sector. It helps in the modernization of the agricultural activity.
(ii) An example is the establishment of industries in tribal and backward areas. The industrial sector provides employment to a large number of people and improves their economic status.
(iii) The manufacturing sector improves employment because manufacturing sector adds value to goods. The country can export products instead of raw materials. For example, the USA.

Ans: (b)
Bauxite is primarily used as a raw material in the production of aluminum through a process called smelting. It is rich in aluminum oxide, which is extracted to produce aluminum metal, making it essential for the aluminum industry. Other industries like cement and iron and steel do not use bauxite as their primary raw material.

Ans: Aluminium industry.

Ans: Cement industry.

Ans: Schemes for promoting khadi: Government should promote it by reducing cost of khadi.

Ans: When an industry discharges one litre of polluted water without any proper treatment, it can pollute at least eight times the quantity of freshwater. To reduce the pollution of water bodies the following action should be taken -
(i) Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating hot water and other effluents before releasing them in water bodies.
(iv) Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry or even for agricultural purposes need to be regulated and a viable solution needs to be implemented.

Ans: (b)
(a) BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited): This is a public sector company owned by the Government of India.
(b) TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company, now Tata Steel): This is a private sector industry owned by the Tata Group.
(c) OIL (Oil India Limited): This is a public sector company.
(d) SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited): This is also a public sector company.
Therefore, the correct answer is (b) TISCO, as it is a private sector industry.

Ans: Iron and steel Industry called as the ‘basic industry' because it is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction materials, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipments and a variety of consumer goods.

Ans: Industries are responsible for environmental degradation in the following ways: 
(i) Many times pollution norms are not followed by the industries. The effluents are not treated before they discharge into air or water bodies. 
(ii) Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects; as happened after the Bhopal Gas tragedy. Hence meticulous maintenance of equipment is necessary. 
(iii) Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling; this greatly harms the aquatic plants and animals. 
(iv) They release toxic dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, various pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals, plastics and rubber etc., into the water bodies. 
(v) Mismanagement of wastes from nuclear power plants can cause cancers and birth defects.

Ans: The manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of economic development of a country because: 
(1) The manufacturing sector provides employment to a large number of people in the industrial as well as service sectors. 
(2) It helps in increasing agricultural productivity by modernising agriculture. 
(3) It also helps in minimising regional disparities by setting up industries in tribal and backward areas of the country.

Ans: (1) On one hand, Industries lead to extensive growth and expansion, on the other hand, these are also the cause of environmental degeneration. 
(2) There is an urgent need or requirement to use a further sustainable model. 
(3) Industries must produce eco-friendly products and dump wastes responsibly. 
(4) Use of latest technology can help industries to control pollution and lead towards sustainable mode of operation.
(5) If necessary, dump waste in specified places, away from the land and water sources. Before dumping, treat well and make useful for other than drinking purpose, stop using thermal plants in some of the locations.

Ans: The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries because manufacturing plays a crucial role in the overall growth and development of an economy. Manufacturing industries contribute to several key aspects: 
1. Utilization of Natural Resources: The development of manufacturing industries allows for the efficient utilization of a country's natural resources, leading to increased production and economic growth. 
2. Balanced Sectoral Development: Manufacturing industries help achieve a balanced sectoral development by reducing the over-dependence on the agricultural sector. This diversification strengthens the economy and reduces vulnerability. 
3. Enhanced Capital Formation: The growth of manufacturing industries leads to an increase in investment and capital formation. This, in turn, boosts economic growth and development. 
4. Increase in National Income and Foreign Exchange: Manufacturing industries contribute significantly to the national income of a country. Additionally, export-oriented manufacturing sectors generate foreign exchange, which strengthens the overall economy. 
5. Job Creation: The development of manufacturing industries creates job opportunities for a large section of the population, thereby reducing unemployment and poverty.

Ans: The chemical industry plays a vital role in the Indian economy due to the following reasons: 
1. Contribution to GDP: The chemical industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors in India and contributes significantly to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It provides employment opportunities and generates income, contributing to economic growth. 
2. Export and Import: India ranks 9th in exports and 6th in imports of chemicals globally. The chemical industry contributes to foreign exchange earnings through exports of various chemical products. 
3. Diversification: The chemical industry in India is diversifying rapidly, with growth observed in both organic and inorganic sectors. It includes the production of petrochemicals, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives, and paints. This diversification strengthens the industrial base and promotes economic development. 
4. Value Addition: The chemical industry is a significant consumer of its own products. Value addition through various chemical processes adds to the overall economic output of the country. 
5. Employment Generation: The chemical industry provides direct and indirect employment opportunities to a large number of people. It supports various ancillary industries and contributes to job creation, reducing unemployment rates. 

Ans: The textile industry has a significant contribution to the Indian economy in the following ways: 
1. Industrial Production: The textile industry is one of the largest contributors to industrial production in India. It encompasses various stages of the textile value chain, including spinning, weaving, dyeing, printing, and garment manufacturing. 
2. Employment Generation: The textile industry is a labor-intensive sector and provides employment to a large number of people, particularly in rural areas. It contributes to income generation and poverty reduction. 
3. Export Earnings: The textile industry is a major earner of foreign exchange through exports. India is one of the largest exporters of textiles globally. The industry's export earnings help improve the country's balance of trade. 
4. Market Demand: In a developing country like India, the textile industry plays a crucial role in meeting the domestic demand for clothing and textiles. It caters to the diverse needs of the population, providing affordable and fashionable clothing options. 
5. Ancillary Industries: The textile industry supports various ancillary industries such as cotton farming, dyeing, printing, packaging, and garment accessories. These industries contribute to the overall growth and development of the economy.

Ans: The interdependence of agriculture and industries is based on many factors, such as adequate rainfall and good crops. Some examples are:
(i) When the rain fails and the crops fail, the industries suffer, and there are losses in businesses as the purchasing power falls.
(ii) If the cotton crops fail, the clothing industries suffer, and other industries also suffer.
(iii) If poultry farms do not produce enough eggs, the bakery industries that use eggs as their important ingredient also suffer.
(iv) Thus, the success and growth of agriculture are closely linked to the success and growth of industries.

Ans: Industrial units cause air pollution in the following ways: 
(1) Industries that ignore pollution norms cause air pollution. They release high proportions of gases. 
(2) Air borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles, which get released into the atmosphere during production. 
(3) Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels belong to the major polluting industries.

Ans: On the basis of the sources of raw materials, industries are classified as:
(i) Agro-based Industries: These industries draw their raw materials from agricultural products. For example, textiles, sugar, coffee, tea, and edible oil.
(ii) Mineral-based Industries: These industries draw their raw materials from minerals. For example, iron and steel industries, cement, petrochemicals, etc.
While in agro-based industries, value addition is done at every stage; in the case of mineral-based industries, refining is a more important activity.

Ans: The textile industry is considered self-reliant because products produced at each stage are used as raw materials for the next stage of production. The value chain refers to a number of activities that the industry performs right from the production of raw materials to the delivery of finished products. The textile industry completes this value chain within the country itself, without relying on imports or outsourcing. This self-reliance helps the industry maintain control over quality, costs, and timelines.

Ans: Industries can be classified according to the role they play in the economy of the country. They are:
(i) Basic or Key Industries: These industries supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods. For example, iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminum smelting. These industries help in the establishment of other industries.
(ii) Consumer Industries: These industries produce goods for direct use by consumers. Examples include sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, electric fans, etc.
The main difference between these two types of industries lies in their target market and the purpose of their production.

Ans:
(i) Small Scale Industry: These industries employ fewer people and less capital. Most of the work is done by small machines and manpower. They use fewer raw materials and produce less. Examples include radio, TV making, agricultural implements, etc.
(ii) Large Scale Industry: These industries employ a large number of people and more capital. Work is done by large machines and manpower. They use a large amount of raw materials and produce more products. Examples include the textile industry, steel industry, etc.
The main difference between these two types of industries lies in their scale of operations, investment, and production capacity.

Ans: Three steps to minimize environmental degradation caused by industrial development in India are:
(i) Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirements and reduce the strain on natural resources.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds to prevent water pollution.
(iv) Implementing measures to reduce air pollution, such as fitting smokestacks with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers, and inertial separators.
(v) Encouraging the use of cleaner fuels, such as oil or gas instead of coal, in industries.
(vi) Redesigning machinery to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise pollution. 

Ans: The 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council' was set up to improve the productivity of the industrial sector. However, this council was wound up in March 2016.

Ans: The agro-industries give a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity: 
(1) These industries supply irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. to the farmers which helps them grow more food. 
(2) Industries help in transporting the goods produced to the markets. They also consume these products themselves. 
(3) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture. They reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

Ans: The 'least cost' is known as a decision-making factor for the ideal location of an industry because it considers factors such as the availability of raw materials, labor, capital, power, and market at a lower cost. By choosing a location that minimizes these costs, the industry can ensure that its production costs are low and maximize its profitability.

Ans: Software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facilities to software experts. Transistor sets, televisions, phones, cellular telecom, telephone exchanges, radars, computers, and many other items needed by the telecommunications sector are all included in the broad spectrum of goods produced by the electronics and IT industry. The features of these Software Technology parks are: 
(1) It has exponentially impacted employment generation. The IT industry employs over one million persons. 
(2) Software technology parks are located at Bangalore, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. 
(3) The continuous growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of the IT industry in India.

Ans: Two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India are: 
(1) The introduction of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market. 
(2) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has brought in new technology. 
(3) Globalisation has led to a heavy rise in demand of these vehicles since products from around the world can be ordered at one click. The two centres of automobile industry are Jamshedpur and Gurgaon.