Q1: Read the following reasons of migration of people from Europe to America till the 19th century and choose the correct option:
I. Poverty and hunger,
II. Slaves for sale,
III. Wide spread of diseases,
IV. Religious conflicts and persecution.
(a) Only I, II, and III are correct.
(b) Only II, III, and IV are correct
(c) Only I, III, and IV are correct.
(d) Only I, II, and IV are correct.
Ans: (C) Only I, III, and IV are correct.
Explanation:
Q2: The author of 'Book of Marvels' is:
(a) Marco Polo,
(b) Columbus,
(c) Vasco da Gama,
(d) Alfred Crosby
Ans: (A) Marco Polo
Explanation:
Marco Polo: His travelogue, The Book of Marvels (also known as The Travels of Marco Polo), documented his journeys through Asia, inspiring European exploration.
Other Columbus discovered the Americas, Vasco da Gama reached India, and Crosby is a modern historian, none authored this book.
Q3: Two statements are given below. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option:
Statement I: Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor to stimulate the globalisation process.
Statement II: This has made much faster delivery of goods across long distances possible at lower costs.
(a) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
(b) Both statements I and II are correct, but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I.
(c) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but statement II is correct.
Ans: (A) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
Explanation:
Q4: 'Potato famine' was related to which of the following countries?
(a) England,
(b) Ireland,
(c) Finland,
(d) Scotland
Ans: (B) Ireland
Explanation:
Q5: In the mid-16th century, diseases like smallpox reached America through which of the following?
(a) Spanish soldiers,
(b) French merchants,
(c) Portuguese sailors,
(d) British tourists
Ans: (A) Spanish soldiers
Explanation:
Q6: The germs of which disease paved the way for Europe's conquest of America in the later half of the sixteenth century?
(a) Cholera,
(b) Smallpox,
(c) Jaundice,
(d) Malaria
Ans: (B) Smallpox
Explanation:
Smallpox: Brought by European colonizers, smallpox decimated Native American populations, weakening resistance and aiding conquests, e.g., in Mexico and Peru.
Other Cholera, jaundice, and malaria were not significant in this context compared to smallpox’s devastating impact.
Q7: Two statements are given below. Read both the statements carefully and choose the correct option:
Statement I: Information and communication technology stimulate the process of globalisation.
Statement II: It is used to contact each other, receive information instantly and communicate with remote areas.
(a) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
(b) Both statements I and II are correct, but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I.
(c) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.
(d) Statement I is incorrect, but statement II is correct.
Ans: (A) Both statements I and II are correct and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
Explanation:
Q8: "Globalisation is the process of rapid integration and interconnection between countries." Explain the statement with examples.
Ans: Globalisation integrates economies and cultures through trade and exchange.
Explanation:
Q9: Why did the Indian Government restrict foreign trade and foreign investment between 1947–1991? Explain.
Ans: India restricted foreign trade and investment to promote self-reliance.
Explanation:
Economic self-reliance: Post-independence, India adopted import substitution to develop domestic industries, reducing reliance on foreign goods.
Protection of local industries: High tariffs and quotas shielded nascent Indian industries from foreign competition, fostering industrial growth.
Q10: Why was the silk route considered a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade? Choose the most appropriate option from the following:
(a) Due to movement of silk cargoes,
(b) Due to flow of silver and gold,
(c) Due to linkage of China with Australia,
(d) Due to trade and cultural exchange
Ans: (d) Due to trade and cultural exchange
Explanation:
Q11: Why was the Indian subcontinent significant to trade networks before European intervention? Explain.
Ans: The Indian subcontinent was a hub for global trade due to its resources and location.
Explanation:
Q12: For which of the following markets were cotton and sugar primarily exported from America in the 18th Century?
(a) For American Market,
(b) For European Market,
(c) For Asian Market,
(d) For Australian Market
Ans: (B) For European Market
Explanation:
European Market: American colonies, like the Caribbean and southern USA, exported cotton and sugar to Europe to meet industrial and consumer demand.
Other American markets consumed locally, Asian markets were less significant, and Australia was not a major market in the 18th century.
Q13: In the early years of the 19th century the production of which of the following food items brought about a fundamental change in the lives of poor people in Europe?
(a) Tomato,
(b) Potato,
(c) Soya,
(d) Groundnut
Ans: (B) Potato
Explanation:
Potato: Introduced from the Americas, potatoes became a cheap, nutritious staple, improving diets and reducing hunger among Europe’s poor.
Other Tomatoes, soya, and groundnuts were less impactful in 19th-century Europe compared to potatoes.
Q14: In the 17th century the city El Dorado in South America became famous as which one of the following?
(a) City of Diversity,
(b) City of Gold,
(c) Smallpox City,
(d) Trading City
Ans: (B) City of Gold
Explanation:
City of Gold: El Dorado was a mythical city rumored to be rich in gold, driving European exploration in South America.
Other It was not known for diversity (A), smallpox (C), or as a trading hub (D) in the 17th century.
Q1: “Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions." Read the following reasons for its spread and choose the correct option.
(I) Due to Cultural exchange
(II) Due to Silk route
(III) Due to trade & travellers
(IV) Due to European efforts (CBSE 2024)
Options:
(a) Only (I) (II) and (IV ) are correct.
(b) Only (II) (III) and (IV ) are correct.
(c) Only (I) (II) and (III) are correct.
(d) Only (I) (III) and (IV ) are correct.
Ans: (c)
Thus, the correct option is (c): Only (I), (II), and (III) are correct.
Q2: How did Europeans help in the expansion of trade, knowledge and customs across European countries during mid-sixteenth century? Explain. (CBSE 2024)
Ans: Europeans helped in the expansion of trade, knowledge and customs across European countries during mid-sixteenth century in the following ways:
(1) New wealth sources: In an effort to discover new wealth sources, nations engaged in mercantilism and colonialism.
(2) Discovery and colonisation: The 16thcentury discovery and colonisation of the Americas generated an era of economic growth known as the Commercial Revolution.
(3) Sea routes: European traders found a sea-route to Asia and an ocean-route to the Americas in the 16th century. South American mines producing silver and other precious metals made Europe's trade with Asia feasible.
(4) New trade routes: Trade shifted from the Mediterranean and Italy to the nations bordering Europe's Atlantic coast as trade routes between the colonies of the New World and Old World Europe expanded.
Q3: How did the ‘smallpox’ prove as the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors in the mid-sixteenth century? Explain. (CBSE 2023)
Ans: Smallpox proved to be a deadly weapon for the Spanish conquerors in the mid-sixteenth century. This can be highlighted through the following points:
Q4: There were three important developments that greatly shrank the pre-modern world. Identify the incorrect one from the following options: (2023)
(a) The flow of trade
(b) The flow of labour
(c) The flow of capital
(d) The flow of technology
Ans: (d)
In the pre-modern world, the main factors that connected different regions were the flow of trade, labor, and capital. Technology was not yet a major global influence in shrinking distances and connecting the world at that time. Hence, the flow of technology is the incorrect option.
Q5: State the names and countries of the two hostile groups that turned against each other in the First World War. (2023)
Ans: The two hostile groups in the First World War were:
Q6: Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct option.
I. The Bretton Woods conference established the International Monetary Fund.
II. The Second World War broke out between the Axis and Allied groups.
III. A car manufacturer Henry Ford adopted the 'Assembly Line Method’ for production.
IV. The Western economic organised themselves as a group - "The Group of 77". (2023)
(a) III, II, I and IV
(b) I, II, III and IV
(c) IV, III, II and I
(d) IV, II, III and I
Ans: (a)
1. Henry Ford adopted the Assembly Line Method for production in 1913.
2. The Second World War broke out in 1939.
3. The Bretton Woods Conference, which established the International Monetary Fund (IMF), was held in 1944.
4. The Group of 77 was formed by developing countries in 1964 to promote their economic interests.
Q7: Differentiate between Fixed and Floating exchange rate. (2023)
Ans: Fixed exchange rates mean that two currencies will always be exchanged at the same price, while floating exchange rates mean that the prices between each currency can change depending on market factors, primarily supply and demand.
Q8: Explain any three effects of population growth in England in the later eighteenth century. (2020)
Ans:
Q9: Explain the impact of the Great Depression on Indian weavers during the early twentieth century. (2020)
Ans: The Great Depression had a profound impact on Indian weavers in the early twentieth century.
Key effects included:
Overall, the Great Depression severely impacted Indian weavers, intensifying their economic difficulties and leading to a decline in their industry.
Q10: Explain the role of Bretton Woods institutions in the post-Second World War settlement. (2020)
Ans: The Bretton Woods institutions, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, played a crucial role in the post-Second World War settlement.
Some key roles of these institutions are:
Overall, the Bretton Woods institutions played a vital role in post-World War II settlement, supporting economic reconstruction, stability, and development in member countries.
Q11: Explain any five effects of the abolition of the Corn Laws. (2019C)
Ans: The abolition of the Corn Laws in Britain led to significant changes in the economy.
Here are five key effects:
Q12: Indian trade had played a crucial role in the late nineteenth-century world economy.” Analyze the statement. (2019)
Ans: Indian trade indeed played a crucial role in the late nineteenth-century world economy. Some key points to consider are:
Overall, Indian trade had a significant impact on the global economy during the late nineteenth century, benefiting Britain and other countries involved in trade with India.
Q13: Describe the impact of ‘Rinderpest’ in Africa in the 1890s. (AI 2019)
Ans: Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, had a devastating impact on Africa in the 1890s. Some key impacts of Rinderpest in Africa are:
In summary, Rinderpest had a devastating impact on Africa, leading to the loss of cattle-based livelihoods and the forced entry of Africans into the labor market.
Q14: Describe the condition of indentured labour that migrated from India during the nineteenth century. (2019)
Ans: The condition of indentured laborers who migrated from India during the nineteenth century was characterized by various hardships and exploitative practices. Some key aspects of their conditions are:
Overall, the indentured laborers faced challenging conditions characterized by exploitation, deception, and harsh working and living conditions.
Q15: Why did big European powers meet in Berlin in 1885? (2018)
Ans: They met in Berlin in 1885 to partition Africa among themselves.
Q16: “Food offers many examples of long-distance cultural exchange.” Support your answer with three examples. (CBSE 2016-17,2018)
Ans:
Q17: Describe any three economic hardships faced by Europe in the 1830s. (2017)
Ans:
Q18: Elucidate any three factors that led to the Great Depression. (2017, 2016)
Ans:
Q19: Describe the contribution of indentured labourers towards the cultural fusion in the emerging global world. (2017, 2014)
Ans:
Indentured laborers made significant contributions towards cultural fusion in the emerging global world. Their experiences and interactions with different cultures led to the blending of various cultural forms. Some examples of their contributions are:
These examples highlight how the indentured laborers' experiences and interactions contributed to the fusion of different cultural forms in the emerging global world.
Q20: Why did Europeans flee to America in the 19th century? Give three reasons. (CBSE 2016)
Ans: Europeans fled to America in the 19th century because:
(1) Europeans were facing problems of poverty and hunger. Economic opportunities were limited to a very high population. America had lesser competition.
(2) Hunger, deadly diseases and religious conflicts were causing a lot of deaths. Europeans fled to America to save their lives.
(3) Since America was not developed by the time, hungry Europeans fled to assert their power over Americans to earn more money.
Q21: Explain the three impacts of the First World War on the British economy. (2016)
Q22: Why do multinational companies (MNCs) choose China as an alternative location for investment? Explain the statement. (2016)
Ans:
Q23: Why did the industrialists and people living in cities of Britain force the government to abolish Corn Laws in the 18th century? Give two reasons. (AI 2016)
Ans:
Q24: "Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand." Explain the statement in the light of silk routes. (2016)
Ans:
Q25: After the 19th century, how did the indentured labourers discover their own ways of survival? Explain. (2016)
Ans: After the 19th century, indentured labourers found various ways to survive in difficult conditions.
Their adaptations included:
These strategies enabled indentured labourers to navigate their challenging circumstances and create new opportunities in the post-indenture period.
Q26: Describe any five factors that led to the end of the Bretton Woods System and the beginning of globalisation. (2016)
Ans: Several factors contributed to the end of the Bretton Woods System and the beginning of globalization.
Here are five key factors:
These factors, among others, led to the end of the Bretton Woods System and marked the beginning of globalization, characterized by a shift in economic power, changing financial dynamics, and the emergence of new global economic players.
Q27: The Spanish conquest and colonisation in America were decisively underway by the mid-sixteenth century. Explain with examples. (CBSE 2015)
Ans: The Portuguese and the Spanish conquered America through the introduction of a lethal biological weapon in the form of germs of smallpox.
This can be explained as follows:
(1) Smallpox was carried to America on their person and introduced among the nonimmune Americans.
(2) The Americans caught the disease which led to the destruction of most of their community.
(3) The European and the Spanish invaders were both immune to this disease.
(4) Americans could not turn this weapon back upon their invaders unlike the conventional weapons.
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