Shankar IAS MCQs: Climate Change Organizations | Environment for UPSC CSE PDF Download

Q1: Statement 1: The Bali Road Map was endorsed during the Bali Meet in December 2007.
Statement 2: The main component of the Bali Road Map was the Bali Action Plan (BAP).
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (a)
Both statements are correct. The Bali Road Map, endorsed during the Bali Meet in 2007, included several components, with the Bali Action Plan (BAP) being a key component.

Q2: Assertion (A): The Paris Agreement became effective in 2016.
Reasoning (R): The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1) was held in Marrakech, Morocco, in 2016.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The Paris Agreement did become effective in 2016, and the first meeting (CMA 1) took place in Marrakech that year, marking the agreement's operational commencement.

Q3: Assertion (A): The Paris Agreement became effective on November 4, 2016.
Reasoning (R): This was after it had been ratified by 111 countries representing over three-fourths of global emissions.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The Paris Agreement did become effective on November 4, 2016, after ratification by a sufficient number of countries, making the reasoning correct and directly related to the assertion.

Q4: Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol
2. Launch of the Green Climate Fund
3. Bali Action Plan
4. Paris Agreement effective date
(a) 1, 3, 2, 4
(b) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c) 2, 1, 3, 4
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4
Ans: (a)
The correct chronological order is: Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, Bali Action Plan, Launch of the Green Climate Fund, and then the effective date of the Paris Agreement.

Q5: The Green Climate Fund was established during COP 15 in Copenhagen.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)
The Green Climate Fund was launched during COP 17 in Durban, not COP 15 in Copenhagen.

Q6: Which city hosted the headquarters of the Green Climate Fund (GCF)?
(a) Bonn, Germany
(b) Songdo, Republic of South Korea
(c) Copenhagen, Denmark
(d) Geneva, Switzerland
Ans: (b)
Songdo, Republic of South Korea, is the host city for the headquarters of the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

Q7: Statement 1: The Paris Agreement mandates all Parties to present their best efforts through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Statement 2: The first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement is scheduled for 2025.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (b)
Statement 1 is true as the Paris Agreement does require NDCs from all Parties. However, Statement 2 is false; the first global stocktake is scheduled for 2023, not 2025.

Q8: Assertion (a): The COP 27 outcomes include the approval of a "Loss and Damage" fund.
Reasoning (R): This fund is intended to assist nations vulnerable to climate-related losses.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
COP 27 did approve the creation of a "Loss and Damage" fund, which is indeed intended to assist nations vulnerable to climate-related losses.

Q9: The Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period began on January 1st, 2015.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)
The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol began on January 1st, 2013, not 2015.

Q10: The main goal of COP 25, held in Madrid, Spain, was to:
(a) Establish the Green Climate Fund
(b) Finalize the rulebook for the 2015 Paris Agreement
(c) Launch the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period
(d) Agree on a global carbon trading system
Ans: (b)
The primary goal of COP 25 was to finalize the rulebook for the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Q11: Statement 1: The Adaptation Fund was established under the Kyoto Protocol.
Statement 2: The World Bank serves as the interim trustee of the Adaptation Fund.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (a)
The Adaptation Fund was indeed established under the Kyoto Protocol, and the World Bank serves as its interim trustee.

Q12: Assertion (A): The Bali Road Map included the Bali Action Plan and the launch of the Adaptation Fund.
Reasoning (R): These initiatives were established to guide the post-2012 global climate action.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The Bali Road Map, adopted in 2007, included the Bali Action Plan and the launch of the Adaptation Fund, both aimed at guiding post-2012 climate actions globally.

Q13: Assertion (A): The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Reasoning (R): The Kyoto Protocol establishes binding targets for developed countries only.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)
The main goal of the Kyoto Protocol is indeed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and it does so by establishing binding targets specifically for developed countries.

Q14: Arrange the following in the order they were established:
1. Green Climate Fund
2. REDD+
3. Kyoto Protocol
4. Paris Agreement
(a) 3, 2, 1, 4
(b) 3, 1, 2, 4
(c) 2, 3, 4, 1
(d) 1, 3, 2, 4
Ans: (a) 3, 2, 1, 4
The chronological order of establishment is: Kyoto Protocol, REDD+, Green Climate Fund, and finally the Paris Agreement.

Q15: The COP 25 summit in Madrid resulted in a successful agreement on rules for a global carbon trading system.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)
COP 25 in Madrid did not reach a successful agreement on the rules for establishing a global carbon trading system.

Q16: Which COP summit was the first to be presided over by a small-island state?
(a) COP 21 Paris
(b) COP 23 Bonn
(c) COP 25 Madrid
(d) COP 22 Marrakech
Ans: (b)
COP 23, held in Bonn, Germany, was presided over by Fiji, marking it the first COP summit to be led by a small-island state.

Q17: Statement 1: COP 26 in Glasgow emphasized the phasedown of coal.
Statement 2: COP 26 resulted in legally binding commitments to phase out coal.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (b)
COP 26 did emphasize the phasedown of coal, but it did not result in legally binding commitments to phase out coal.

Q18: Assertion (A): The main goal of COP 26 was to complete the rulebook for the Paris Agreement.
Reasoning (R): The rulebook was necessary to operationalize the Paris Agreement fully.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (b)
The main goal of COP 26 was to review and enhance climate commitments, not specifically to complete the Paris Agreement rulebook, though operationalizing the Agreement was a significant aspect of the discussions.

Q19: The Paris Agreement became effective immediately after the COP 21 summit in Paris.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)
The Paris Agreement did not become effective immediately after COP 21; it became effective on November 4, 2016, after ratification by a sufficient number of countries.

Q20: The Climate Technology Center and Network (CTCN) is the implementing arm of which mechanism established under the UNFCCC?
(a) Adaptation Fund
(b) Green Climate Fund
(c) Technology Mechanism
(d) REDD+
Ans: (c)
The Climate Technology Center and Network (CTCN) serves as the implementing arm of the Technology Mechanism established under the UNFCCC.