Class 7 Science Chapter 7 Question Answers - Transport of Substances in Animals and Plants

Short Types Questions

Q.1. What are the two types of transport systems in animals?

The two types of transport systems in animals are circulatory system and excretory system.

Q.2. What is the function of phloem in plants?

The phloem in plants is responsible for transporting the food materials from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.

Q.3. Name two substances that are transported in the xylem of plants.

Water and minerals are transported in the xylem of plants.

Q.4. How does the excretory system of human body eliminate waste products?

The excretory system of human body eliminates waste products through the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Q.5. What is the difference between transpiration and evaporation?

Transpiration is the loss of water from the surface of leaves, while evaporation is the loss of water from any surface, including the surface of the soil or water bodies.

Long Types Questions

The process of transport of substances in animals involves the circulation of blood through the circulatory system. The heart pumps blood through the arteries and capillaries, which carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells and tissues. The blood then returns to the heart through veins. The process of diffusion and active transport helps in the movement of substances across the cell membrane. The respiratory system also plays a vital role in transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide through breathing. The excretory system helps in the elimination of waste products from the body.

Q.2. Describe the transport of substances in plants.

Plants transport substances through the xylem and phloem. The xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves, while the phloem carries sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant. The movement of substances in plants is driven by transpiration, which is the evaporation of water from the leaves. The water potential gradient between the roots and leaves causes water to move up the xylem. The phloem uses the pressure flow mechanism, where sugars are actively loaded into the phloem and then transported to other parts of the plant.

Q.3. What are the substances that need to be transported in animals and plants?

In animals, the substances that need to be transported include oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. In plants, the substances that need to be transported include water, minerals, sugars, and hormones.

Q.4. Explain the transport of substances in humans.

In humans, the transport of substances is mainly carried out by the circulatory system. The heart pumps blood through the arteries and capillaries, which carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells and tissues. The blood then returns to the heart through veins. The respiratory system helps in the transport of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. The kidneys and urinary system help in the elimination of waste products from the body.

Q.5. Describe the excretory system in humans.

The excretory system in humans consists of the kidneys, urinary system, and skin. The kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood and produce urine. The urine then passes through the ureters and is stored in the bladder before being eliminated through the urethra. The skin also helps in the elimination of waste products through sweating. The excretory system plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.