Short Question Answers: Geological Structure and Physiography | Geography Class 11 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

Q. 1. Into how many Physiographic units can India be divided at Macro Level?
Ans. Three.

Q. 2. Which is the ancient crustal Block in India?
Ans. Deccan Plateau.

Q. 3. Name the Eastern Boundary of Deccan plateau.
Ans. Rajmahal Hills.

Q. 4. When was peninsular plateau of India formed?
Ans. In Pre-Cambrian Period.

Q. 5. In which period were the Aravalli uplifted?
Ans. Vindhyan Period.

Q. 6. How were different layers of Lava formed in Deccan plateau?
Ans. By Lava flows (volcanic eruptions).

Q. 7. Name two Rift valleys found in India?
Ans. Narmada and Tapti Valleys.

Q. 8. Name the sea which existed in place of the Himalayas?
Ans. Tethys sea.

Q. 9. In which period were the Himalayas uplifted?
Ans. In tertiary period.

Q. 10. Which landmass was situated in north of the Himalayas?
Ans. Angara land.

Q. 11. Name the landmass situated in the South of Himalayas in tertiary period.
Ans. Gondwana land.

Q. 12. Name the lake deposits found in Kashmir Valley.
Ans. Karewas.

Q. 13. Name the Western boundary of the Deccan plateau.
Ans. Aravallis.

Q. 14. What is the extent of the Himalayas between Indus Gorge and Brahmaputra Gorge?
Ans. 2400 Kms.

Q. 15. What is the height of the Highest peak, Mount Everest, in the Himalayas?
Ans. 8848 metres.

Q. 16. What is the East-West extent of the Northern plains of India?
Ans. 3200 Kms.

Q. 17. What is the maximum depth of alluvium in the Ganga plain?
Ans. 2000 metres.

Q. 18. Name the deposits found along the foot hills of the Himalayas.
Ans. Alluvial Cones.

Q. 19. Name the area known for Chos.
Ans. Hoshiarpur (Punjab).

Q. 20. What is the average elevation of Peninsular plateau of India?
Ans. 600—900 metres.

Q. 21. Name an area where Barchans are found?
Ans. Jaisalmer.

Q. 22. Name a plateau found in North-East of Peninsular India.
Ans. Shillong Plateau.

Q. 23. Name the direction of the Slope of Deccan plateau.
Ans. South-East.

Q. 24. Name the areas where Granite and Gneiss rocks are found in India?
Ans. Karnataka.

Q. 25. What is the maximum height found on the Western Ghats?
Ans. 1600 metres.

Q. 26. What is the maximum height found on the Eastern Ghats?
Ans. 900 metres.

Q. 27. Name a group of coral islands found in Arabian Sea.
Ans. Lakshadweep Islands.

Q. 28. Name the highest mountain peak of the Peninsular India.
Ans. Anamudi (2695 metres).

Q. 29. Name the two sections of the western coastal plain.
Ans. Konkan Coast and Malabar Coast.

Q. 30. If a person is to travel to Lakshadweep, from which coastal plain does he prefer and why?
Ans. West coastal plain–Due to nearness.

Q. 31. Into how many physiographic units can India be divided at the macro level? Name them.
Ans. At the macro level, India can be divided into three broadly defined physiographic units. These are : (i) The Himalayas and associated mountain chains. (ii) The Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra plains. (iii) The peninsular plateau.

Q. 32. What do you understand by “Bangar”?
Ans. The plain formed by the older alluvium is known as the Bangar. These areas stand above the level of flood water and the flood plain. This raised land is made up of clay, pebbles and gravel. In Gangetic plains, these alluvial lands have been formed by the deposition of sediments by the river.

Q. 33. What is a dun? Give three examples from the Himalayan region.
Ans. A dun is a narrow longitudinal valley in between two parallel mountain ranges. These are formed by the deposition of sediments. The important duns formed in the Himalayas are :
(i) Dehradun. (ii) Kothridun. (iii) Patlidun.

Q. 34. What do you understand by the term terai?
Ans. Terai is a long narrow zone south of Bhabar plains along the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a damp area (with wetlands and marshes) with thick forest growth. Many streams form the Bhabar remerge in this region. The terai plain is 20–30 kms. wide. It is covered with thick forests. These areas have been reclaimed for cultivation.

Q. 35. What is Bhabar? Give two important characteristics of a Bhabar belt.
Ans. The Bhabar is a long narrow plain along the foothills of the Shiwaliks. They extend from the Indus to the Tista rivers with a remarkable continuity. Many streams descend from the hills, deposit pebbles, gravel and sand here. It has a width of 8 to 16 kms. The rocks are porous.
Characteristics.
(i) Many streams go underground in this belt due to porous rocks.
(ii) It is a pebble-studded zone of porous beds.

Q. 36. What do you understand by the term “Doab”? Give five examples from the Indian subcontinent.
Ans. Doab is a flood-plain formed in between two rivers. Doabs separate two rivers but maintain a uniform character over the whole areas. Five Doabs in Punjab maintain a physical unity of the Punjab plains :
(i) Bist Jalandhar Doab. Between the Sutlej and the Beas.
(ii) Bari Doab. Between the Beas and the Ravi.
(iii) Rachna Doab. Between the Ravi and the Chenab.
(iv) Chaj Doab. Between the Chenab and the Jhelum.
(v) Sind Sagar Doab. Between Jehlum-Chenab and the Indus Rivers.

Q. 37. Divide the Himalayas into different mountain ranges.
Ans. There are many parallel mountain ranges in the Himalayas. These ranges are separated from each other by dun-valleys. There are three parallel mountain ranges.
(i) The great Himalayas or Inner Himalayas.
(ii) The lesser Himalayas or Middle Himalayas.
(iii) Sub-Himalayas (Shiwaliks) or Outer Himalayas.

Q. 38. Name some of highest peaks found in the Himalayas.
Ans. There are about 40 peaks with a height more than 7000 metres.
(i) Mount Everest–8,848 metres.
(ii) Kangchenjunga–8586 metres.
(iii) Makalu–8485 metres.  
(iv) Dhaulagiri–8167 metres.
(v) Nanga Parbat–8126 metres.
(vi) Annapurna–8091 metres.
(vii) Nanda Devi–7816 metres.
(viii) Namcha Barwa–7782 metres.
(ix) K2 Mt. Godwin Austin–8611 metres.

Q. 39. Name four largest glaciers of India.
Ans. (1) Siachen – 75 Km.
(2) Hispar – 62 Km
(3) Baltro – 58 Km.
(4) Biofo – 59 Km.