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Short Tricks: Biotechnology - Principles & Processes Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET

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1. What are the principles of biotechnology?
Ans. The principles of biotechnology include genetic engineering, gene cloning, DNA sequencing, and recombinant DNA technology. These principles involve manipulating and modifying genetic material for various purposes, such as producing desired traits in organisms or developing new drugs.
2. What are the processes involved in biotechnology?
Ans. Biotechnology processes typically involve four main steps: DNA extraction, gene isolation, gene manipulation, and gene expression. DNA extraction involves obtaining genetic material from an organism. Gene isolation involves isolating the specific gene of interest. Gene manipulation involves modifying the gene through techniques like gene cloning or genetic engineering. Gene expression involves expressing the modified gene in a host organism to produce the desired protein or trait.
3. How is biotechnology used in medicine?
Ans. Biotechnology plays a crucial role in medicine. It is used for developing vaccines, producing therapeutic proteins like insulin or growth hormones, and creating gene therapies. Biotechnology techniques also aid in diagnosing diseases through genetic testing and DNA sequencing. Additionally, biotechnology is involved in the production of pharmaceutical drugs and the development of personalized medicine.
4. What is the importance of biotechnology in agriculture?
Ans. Biotechnology plays a significant role in agriculture by improving crop yield, quality, and resistance to pests or diseases. It enables the development of genetically modified crops that have desirable traits, such as drought tolerance or increased nutritional value. Biotechnology also helps in producing biofertilizers, biopesticides, and biofuels, reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
5. What are the ethical concerns associated with biotechnology?
Ans. Biotechnology raises ethical concerns related to genetic engineering, cloning, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Some concerns include the potential for unintended consequences, such as ecological imbalance or the spread of modified genes to wild populations. There are also concerns about the ownership and patenting of genetically modified organisms, as well as the potential for misuse or exploitation of biotechnological advancements. Ethical considerations are crucial in ensuring responsible and sustainable use of biotechnology.
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