Solution of Life Processes (Page No - 26 (Part - 1))- Biology by Lakhmir Singh, Class 10 PDF Download

Question 58:
(a) What is common for Cuscuta, ticks and leeches ?
(b) Name the substances on which the following enzymes act in the human digestive system :
(i) Trypsin (ii) Amylase (iii) Pepsin (iv) Lipase
(c) Why does absorption of digested food occur mainly in the small intestine ?
Solution :
(a) Parasitic mode of nutrition.
(b)
(i) Proteins
(ii) Starch
(iii) Proteins
(iv) Fats.
(c) Absorption of digested foods occurs mainly in the small intestine due to the presence of a large number of finger like projections called villi.

Question 59:
(a) Why is small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores ?
(b) What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands ?
(c) What causes movement of food inside the alimentary canal ?
Solution :
(a) Herbivores eat only plants so they need a longer small intestine to allow the cellulose present in the plants to be digested completely.
(b) If mucus is not secreted, hydrochloric acid will cause the erosion of inner lining of stomach leading to the formation of ulcers in the stomach.
(c) The contraction and expansion movements of oesophagus also called peristaltic movements pushes the food down into the elementary canal.

Question 60:
(a) How do guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores ?
(b) Two similar green plants are kept separately in oxygen free containers, one in dark and the other in continuous light. Which one will live longer ? Give reasons.
Solution :
(a) The opening and closing of stomatal pores is controlled by the guard cells, when water flows into the guard cells, they swell, become curved and cause the pore to open whereas when the guard cells lose water, they shrink, become straight and close the stomatal pore. (b) Plant kept in continuous light will live longer because it will be able to produce oxygen required for its respiration by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 61:
(a) What would happen if all the green plants disappear from the earth ?
(b) If a plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen during the day, does it mean that there is no photosynthesis occurring ? Justify your answer.
Solution :
(a) If all the green plants disappear from the earth, then all the organisms (herbivores, carnivores and omnivores) will die due to starvation as green plants are the source of food for all organisms.
(b) When photosynthesis occurs during the day, the carbon dioxide released by plants by respiration is all used up and not released. Similarly, some of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis is used up in respiration. Since the plant is releasing carbon dioxide and taking in oxygen even during the day, it means that no photosynthesis is taking place.

Question 62:
(a) Leaves of a healthy potted plant were coated with vaseline. Will this plant remain healthy for long ? Give reason for your answer.
(b) What will happen to the rate of photosynthesis in a plant under the following circumstances ?

1. cloudy day in morning but bright sunshine in the afternoon
2. no rainfall in the area for a considerable time.
3. gathering of dust on the leaves

Solution :
(a) This plant will not remain healthy for long because vaseline coating closes the stomatal pores on the leaves due to which
(i) plant will not get oxygen for respiration
(ii) plant will not get carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, and
(iii) plant will not get water (and minerals) due to stoppage of transpiration.
(b) (i) Decreases in morning but increases in the afternoon
(ii) Decreases.
(iii) Decreases.

Question 63:
(a) What is photosynthesis ?
(b) Write a chemical equation to show the process of photosynthesis in plants.
(c) Explain the mechanism of photosynthesis.
Solution :
(a) The process by which green plants make their own food (like glucose) from carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

(c) The process of photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of a plant. The carbon dioxide gas required for making food is taken by the plant leaves from the air which enters the leaves through tiny pores called stomata. Water required for making food is taken from the soil which is transported to the leaves from the soil through the roots and the stem. The sunlight provides energy required to carry out the chemical reactions involved in the preparation of food. The green pigment called chlorophyll absorbs sunlight energy. The photosynthesis takes place in three steps:
(i) Absorption of sunlight energy by chlorophyll.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen by light energy.
(iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen to form carbohydrates like glucose by utilising the chemical energy. 

Question 64:
(a) Name the raw materials required for photosynthesis. How do plants obtain these raw materials ?
(b) What are the various conditions necessary for photosynthesis ?
(c) Name the various factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants.
Solution :
(a) The raw materials for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. The green plants take carbon dioxide from air for photosynthesis. The carbon dioxide gas enters the leaves of the plants through the stomata present on their surface. The water required by the plants for photosynthesis is absorbed by the roots of the plants from the soil through the process of osmosis. The water absorbed by the roots is transported upwards through the xylem vessels to the leaves where it reaches the photosynthetic cells and utilized in photosynthesis.
(b) The conditions for photosynthesis are sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water.
(c) Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis are
(i) Light
(ii) Carbon dioxide
(iii) Water
(iv) Temperature
(v) Mineral elements.

Question 65:
(a) Define nutrition. Why is nutrition necessary for an organism ?
(b) What are the different modes of nutrition ? Explain with one example of each mode of nutrition.
(c) Name the mode of nutrition in (i) roundworm, and (ii) Plasmodium.
Solution :
(a) Nutrition is defined as a process of intake of nutrients (like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins and water) by an organism as well as the utilisation of these nutrients by the organism. Nutrition is necessary for an organism as it provides energy to them from the food they eat. (b) There are mainly two modes of nutrition:
(i) Autotrophic – Autotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism makes its own food from the simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water present in the surroundings (with the help of sunlight energy). Example: Green plants obtain food by autotrophic nutrition.
(ii) Heterotrophic – Heterotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot make its own food from simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water, and depends on other organisms for its food. Example: All animals obtain food by heterotrophic nutrition.
(c) The mode of nutrition in
(i) round worm and
(ii) plasmodium is parasitic nutrition.