Solved Examples - Trigonometric Equations and Identities | Mock Tests for JEE Main and Advanced 2026 PDF Download

Illustration 1: If cos (a + b) = 4/5, sin (a-b) = 5/13 and a and b lie between 0 to π/4, find tan 2a.
Solution: It is given that cos (a + b) = 4/5, sin (a-b) = 5/13
It follows that sin (a + b) = 3/5, cos (a-b) = 12/13
Hence, tan (a+b) = 3/4 and tan (a-b) = 5/12
Hence, this implies
tan [(a+b) + a-b] =[tan (a+b) + tan (a-b)]/ [1 + tan(a+b)tan(a-b)]
= (3/4 + 5/12)/ (1 – 3/4. 5/12)
Hence, tan 2a = 14/12. 48/33 = 56/33.

Illustration 2: If A + B + C = 180⁰, prove that sin (B + C – A) + sin (C + A – B) + sin (A + B – C) = 4 sin A sin B sin C.
Solution:We have sin (B + C – A) + sin (C + A – B) + sin (A + B – C) = 4 sin A sin B sin C
So consider LHS = sin (B + C – A) + sin (C + A – B) + sin (A + B – C)
= sin (π– A – A) + sin (π – B – B) + sin (π– C – C)(since A + B + C = π)
= sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C
= 4 sin A sin B sin C

Illustration 3: Solve the equation 5 sinθ – 2 cos²θ – 1 = 0
Solution: Given, 5sinθ – 2cos²θ – 1 = 0
or,5 sinθ – 2 (1 – sin²θ) – 1 = 0
or,2 sin² θ + 5 sin θ – 3 = 0
or,(sin θ + 3) (2 sin θ – 1) = 0
∴sin θ = 3 or, sin θ = 1/2
if sin θ = 3
This is not possible as range of sine is [–1, 1]
If sin θ = 1/2
or, sin θ = sin π/6
⇒ θ = n π + (–1)ⁿ π/6
where n = 0, ±1, ±2 ……