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Substitution Reactions (Deducted from CBSE 2021-22 examination) Video Lecture - Class 10

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1. What are substitution reactions in chemistry?
Ans. Substitution reactions in chemistry involve the replacement of an atom or a group of atoms in a molecule with another atom or group of atoms. This process occurs when one reactant is substituted for another reactant in a chemical reaction.
2. What is the importance of substitution reactions?
Ans. Substitution reactions are important in various fields of chemistry. They play a crucial role in organic synthesis, allowing chemists to introduce specific functional groups into molecules. These reactions also help in the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other important chemicals.
3. How do substitution reactions occur?
Ans. Substitution reactions occur through two main mechanisms: nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic substitution. Nucleophilic substitution involves the attack of a nucleophile on an electrophilic carbon atom, resulting in the substitution of a leaving group. Electrophilic substitution, on the other hand, involves the attack of an electrophile on a benzene ring, leading to the substitution of a hydrogen atom.
4. What are some examples of substitution reactions?
Ans. Some examples of substitution reactions include the halogenation of alkanes, the hydrolysis of esters, the reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides, and the substitution of hydrogen in aromatic compounds with nitro groups, halogens, or alkyl groups.
5. How do substitution reactions differ from addition reactions?
Ans. Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one atom or group with another in a molecule, while addition reactions involve the addition of atoms or groups to a molecule. In substitution reactions, the number of atoms remains the same, whereas in addition reactions, the number of atoms increases. Additionally, substitution reactions often occur in the presence of a leaving group, while addition reactions do not necessarily require a leaving group.
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